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high-temperature fatigue
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Published: 01 March 2006
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Published: 01 November 2012
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in Critique of Predictive Methods for Treatment of Time-Dependent Metal Fatigue at High Temperatures
> Fatigue and Durability of Metals at High Temperatures
Published: 01 July 2009
Fig. 8.2 Comparison of observed creep-fatigue lives of 16 high-temperature alloys with lives calculated by the 10% rule. Source: Ref 8.12
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Published: 01 December 1989
Fig. 4.47. Fatigue-crack-growth rates of long cracks for various high-temperature alloys in air at (left) room temperature and (right) 850 °C (1560 °F) ( Ref 186 ).
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdmht.9781627083430
EISBN: 978-1-62708-343-0
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610415
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... prediction and related design methods and some of the factors involved in high-temperature fatigue, including creep-fatigue interaction and thermomechanical damage. constant-load creep curves creep deformation creep-fatigue interaction elevated-temperature fracture high-temperature fatigue stress...
Abstract
This chapter compares and contrasts the high-temperature behaviors of metals and composites. It describes the use of creep curves and stress-rupture testing along with the underlying mechanisms in creep deformation and elevated-temperature fracture. It also discusses creep-life prediction and related design methods and some of the factors involved in high-temperature fatigue, including creep-fatigue interaction and thermomechanical damage.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240243
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
.... It describes the most effective methods of improving fatigue life. The chapter also explains the effect of geometrical stress concentrations on fatigue. In addition, it explores the environmental effects of corrosion fatigue, low-temperature fatigue, high-temperature fatigue, and thermal fatigue. Finally...
Abstract
Fatigue failures occur due to the application of fluctuating stresses that are much lower than the stress required to cause failure during a single application of stress. This chapter describes three basic factors that cause fatigue: a maximum tensile stress of sufficiently high value, a large enough variation or fluctuation in the applied stress, and a sufficiently large number of cycles of the applied stress. The discussion covers high-cycle fatigue, low-cycle fatigue, and fatigue crack propagation. The chapter then discusses the stages where fatigue crack nucleation and growth occurs. It describes the most effective methods of improving fatigue life. The chapter also explains the effect of geometrical stress concentrations on fatigue. In addition, it explores the environmental effects of corrosion fatigue, low-temperature fatigue, high-temperature fatigue, and thermal fatigue. Finally, the chapter discusses a number of design philosophies or methodologies to deal with design against fatigue failures.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdmht.t52060173
EISBN: 978-1-62708-343-0
... J: Time-to-failure model J TCD Time-cycle diagram 8.147 K: Macrophenomenological models DK TCE Thermal-cycling equation 8.102 K PHF Parametric high-temperature fatigue 8.148 K SST Stress-strain-temperature empirical model 8.149 HKN FAM Fatigue model 8.127...
Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed review of creep-fatigue analysis techniques, including the 10% rule, strain-range partitioning, several variants of the frequency-modified life equation, damage assessment based on tensile hysteresis energy, the OCTF (oxidation, creep, and thermomechanical fatigue) damage model, and numerous methods that make use of creep-rupture, crack-growth, and void-growth data. It also discusses the use of continuum damage mechanics and includes examples demonstrating the accuracy of each method as well as the procedures involved.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
...Summary of number of types of failures of 230 failed components Table 1.1 Summary of number of types of failures of 230 failed components Cause Type of failure Fatigue Overload Stress corrosion or hydrogen embrittlement Corrosion Stress rupture High-temperature oxidation Wear...
Abstract
This chapter gives a brief overview of the role of fatigue in component failures. It presents examples of fatigue failures along with statistics on the causes and costs of fatigue damage in various industries. It also includes a chapter-by-chapter summary of the content in the book, noting that the book deals primarily with fatigue at temperatures below the creep range with high-temperature fatigue being treated in a companion publication.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.t60490111
EISBN: 978-1-62708-340-9
... on fatigue-crack-growth behavior of 2¼Cr-1Mo steel ( Ref 4 ). Fig. 4.47. Fatigue-crack-growth rates of long cracks for various high-temperature alloys in air at (left) room temperature and (right) 850 °C (1560 °F) ( Ref 186 ). Fig. 4.48. Fatigue-crack-growth rates for Inconel X-750...
Abstract
This chapter describes the phenomenological aspects of fatigue and how to assess its effect on the life of components operating in high-temperature environments. It explains how fatigue is measured and expressed and how it is affected by loading conditions (stress cycles, amplitude, and frequency) and factors such as temperature, material defects, component geometry, and processing history. It provides a detailed overview of the damage mechanisms associated with high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue as well as thermal fatigue, creep-fatigue, and fatigue-crack growth. It also demonstrates the use of tools and techniques that have been developed to quantify fatigue-related damage and its effect on the remaining life of components.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdmht.t52060231
EISBN: 978-1-62708-343-0
... and distribution of small fatigue cracks found in a High-Pressure Oxidizer Turbopump disk Fig. 10.25 Stage 1 high-pressure turbine blade and finite-element model Fig. 10.26 Typical turbine blade tip cracking Fig. 10.27 Blade temperature-time profile Fig. 10.28 Inelastic...
Abstract
This chapter explains how the authors assessed the potential risks of creep-fatigue in several aerospace applications using the tools and techniques presented in earlier chapters. It begins by identifying the fatigue regimes encountered in the main engines of the Space Shuttle. It then describes the types of damage observed in engine components and the methods used to mitigate problems. It also discusses the results of analyses that led to changes in design or approach and examines fatigue-related issues in turbine engines used in commercial aircraft.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270067
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
... measurements. fatigue fracture fractography microstructural analysis turbine blades Summary A low-pressure turbine rotor blade failed in service, causing extensive damage to the engine. The blade failed by stress rupture followed by fatigue due to high operating temperature. Background...
Abstract
A low-pressure turbine rotor blade failed in service, causing extensive engine damage. A section of the blade broke off around 25 mm from the root platform, producing a flat fracture surface that appeared smooth on one end and grainy elsewhere. Based on their examination, investigators concluded that the nickel-base superalloy blade was exposed to high temperatures and stresses, initiating a crack that propagated under cyclic loading. This chapter provides a summary of the investigation and the insights acquired using scanning electron fractography, metallography, and hardness measurements.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870375
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
... system installed on testing machine. Source: Ref A.55 Fig. A.52 Typical axial extensometer for high-temperature fatigue testing Fig. A.53 Environmental chamber for fatigue testing. Source: Ref A.55 Fig. A.54 Test components after immersion in hot fluidized bed...
Abstract
This appendix provides supplemental information on the metallurgical aspects of atomic structure, the use of dislocation theory, heat treatment processes and procedures, important engineering materials and strengthening mechanisms, and the nature of elastic, plastic, and creep strain components. It also provides information on mechanical property and fatigue testing, the use of hysteresis energy to analyze fatigue, a procedure for inverting equations to solve for dependent variables, and a method for dealing with the statistical nature of failure.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.t60490415
EISBN: 978-1-62708-340-9
... at high temperatures (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="t60490415-ref53">Ref 53</xref> and <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="t60490415-ref54">54</xref>) Table 9.2. Possible influences of environment on fatigue-crack propagation in cast nickel-base superalloys at high temperatures ( Ref 53 and 54...
Abstract
Combustion turbines consist of a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine. As commonly configured, the compressor and turbine mount on a single shaft that connects directly to a generator. This chapter reviews the materials of construction, damage mechanisms, and life-assessment techniques for nozzles and buckets. It also presents key information from a detailed review of the literature and the results of a survey on combustion-turbine material problems.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870267
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
... 548 – 554 10.1115/1.3656909 11.93 Popp H.G. , Private communication , General Electric Co. , Cincinnati, OH , 1970 11.94 Sandor B.I. , “Metal Fatigue with Elevated Temperature Rest Periods,” Achievement of High Fatigue Resistance in Metals and Alloys , ASTM STP 467...
Abstract
This chapter is largely a compendium of best practices and procedures for minimizing the effects of fatigue. It explains how to make products more resistant to fatigue by choosing the right materials and manufacturing processes, avoiding geometries and features that concentrate strains, preventing or removing surface damage, and by inducing compressive mean stresses that prolong fatigue life. It also discusses the use of property conditioning and restoration treatments, the benefits of interference fits and processes such as coaxing, the effects of assembly damage and operating overload, the importance of surface cleanliness and finish, and the role of inspection, testing, replacement, and repair in safe-life and fail-safe designs. Examples highlighting the benefits and potential pitfalls of proof loading tests are included as well.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdmht.t52060083
EISBN: 978-1-62708-343-0
... of creep-plasticity and the physical and metallurgical effects of environmental exposure. References References 5.1 Miller A.K. , A Realistic Model for the Deformation Behavior of High-Temperature Materials , Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures, STP 520 , American Society for Testing...
Abstract
This chapter compares and contrasts empirical approaches for partitioning hysteresis loops and predicting creep-fatigue life. The first part of the chapter presents experimental partitioning methods, explaining how they can be used to partition any loading cycle into its basic strain-range components. The methods covered include rapid cycling between peak stress extremes, half-cycle rapid loading and unloading, and variations of the incremental step-stress approach. The methods are then compared based on their ability to predict creep-fatigue life. The chapter goes on from there to describe how fatigue life can be estimated from ductility measurements when cyclic data are unavailable or are likely to change. It also explains how cyclic life is influenced by the time-dependent nature of creep-plasticity and the physical and metallurgical effects of environmental exposure.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630237
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
..., if the operational loads do not exceed the yield strength of the metal. The principal types of elevated-temperature failure mechanisms are creep, stress rupture, low-cycle or high-cycle fatigue, thermal fatigue, overload, hot corrosion, embrittlement, sulfidation, carburization, oxidation, distortion...
Abstract
Elevated-temperature failures are the most complex type of failure because all of the modes of failures can occur at elevated temperatures (with the obvious exception of low-temperature brittle fracture). Elevated-temperature problems are real concerns in industrial applications. The principal types of elevated-temperature failure mechanisms discussed in this chapter are creep, stress rupture, overheating failure, elevated-temperature fatigue, thermal fatigue, metallurgical instabilities, and environmentally induced failure. The causes, features, and effects of these failures are discussed. The cooling techniques for preventing elevated-temperature failures are also covered.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdmht.t52060043
EISBN: 978-1-62708-343-0
... Partitioning to Predict High-Temperature Low-Cycle Fatigue Life,” NASA TN D-8072, 1976 3.3 Manson S.S. Halford G.R. and Oldrieve R.E. , “Relation of Cyclic Loading Pattern to Microstructural Fracture in Creep-Fatigue,” NASA TM-83473, 1983 3.4 Manson S.S. and Halford...
Abstract
Strain-range partitioning is a method for assessing the effects of creep fatigue based on inelastic strain paths or strain reversals. The first part of the chapter defines four distinct strain paths that can be used to model any cyclic loading pattern and describes the microstructural damages associated with each of the four basic loading cycles. The discussion then turns to fatigue life prediction for different types of materials and more realistic loading conditions, particularly those in which hysteresis loops have more than one strain-range component. To that end, the chapter considers two cases. In one, the relationship between strain range and cyclic life is established from test data. In the other, a rule is required to determine the damage of each concurrent strain and the total damage of the cycle is used to predict creep-fatigue life. The chapter presents several such damage rules and discusses their applicability in different situations.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cmp.t66770171
EISBN: 978-1-62708-337-9
... Under pure rolling-contact fatigue conditions, that is, those comparable to the contact at the pitch line of a gear tooth, it was found that the fatigue limit of reheat-quenched and tempered test rollers increases as the tempering temperature increases, up to 250 °C. However, in a low-cycle high-load...
Abstract
This chapter familiarizes readers with tempering and refrigeration treatments and their effect on case-carburized parts. It explains how tempering makes such parts easier to machine, more structurally and dimensionally stable, and more durable in certain applications. It identifies key process parameters and provides test data showing how they affect hardness, yield strength, bending and contact fatigue, and fracture toughness. It also addresses potential problems stemming from process-related factors such as the presence of hydrogen and the effects of aging and grinding. In regard to refrigeration, the chapter explains that it is not uncommon for subzero treatments to be included in the production of carburized parts whether as a standard procedure or optional step. Subzero cooling promotes the transformation of retained austenite to martensite, thereby increasing surface hardness and reducing the propensity of quenched carburized steels to burn and crack during surface grinding. The chapter includes numerous data plots and tables showing how the various treatments influence hardness, wear resistance, tensile properties, and fatigue and fracture behaviors.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430147
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... tubes run over several kilometers of distance and are an important component of the entire system. These tubes are exposed to highly adverse conditions, including high skin temperatures, exposure to flame, corrosive and erosive conditions on their outer surface, and high-pressure, high-temperature water...
Abstract
This chapter provides an outline of the failure modes and mechanisms associated with most boiler tube failures in coal-fired power plants. Primary categories include stress rupture failures, water-side corrosion, fire-side corrosion, fire-side erosion, fatigue, operation failures, and insufficient quality control.