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Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... Abstract This article discusses the production, properties, and uses of high-alloy white irons. It explains how the composition and melt are controlled to produce a large volume of eutectic carbides, making these irons particularly hard and resistant to wear, and how the metallic matrix...
Image
Published: 01 January 2022
Fig. 7.46 High-alloy cast iron and white iron. Source: Ref 3 More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320103
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
... the technology of unalloyed or low-alloyed gray iron castings and white iron and high-alloyed cast irons. Finally, it describes the casting defects that are associated with cast iron and the processes involved in solving these defects. The article includes a number of figures illustrating the topics discussed...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240453
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
..., Sn, Mo, and Mn) promote the formation of cementite. This chapter examines the relative potencies of these alloys and their effect on microstructure. It covers the five most common commercial cast irons, including white, gray, ductile, malleable, and compacted graphite, describing their compositional...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300179
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... are alloy white iron, some are hard steel, and some are chromium plated) for lubricated reciprocating sliding systems. Cast irons are not widely used for plain bearings involving high speed (over 10,000 rpm). This is the forte of rolling elements, but cast irons are often used as the rotating member...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060247
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
... such as silicon or copper ( Fig. 10.4 ). High carbon and silicon are the primary alloys that increase the graphitization potential of the iron as well as its castability. Fig. 10.4 Effect of alloying elements on the formation of either graphitic or white cast iron during eutectic solidification. Source...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mgppis.t60400001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-258-7
... Abstract This chapter introduces the metallographer to the various types of steels and cast irons and explains how they are classified and defined. Classification and designation details are provided for plain carbon steels, alloy steels, and gray, white, ductile, and malleable cast irons...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170100
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... to improve annealability beyond a certain point may result in an unacceptable tendency for the as-cast iron to be mottled instead of white. Because of the two metallurgical requirements described above, malleable irons involve a limited range of chemical composition and the restricted use of alloys...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smnm.t52140175
EISBN: 978-1-62708-264-8
... (2110 to 2100 °F) but not Fe 3 C, and therefore, graphite is a more stable phase. Thus, in iron-carbon alloys, Fe 3 C is actually a metastable phase. On cooling pure, high-carbon austenite, the graphite phase can form at the higher temperatures (given by the A gr line) than can the Fe 3 C cementite...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320157
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
... into white iron with iron carbides and with no free graphite. This poses a limitation to the maximum wall thickness that can be cast completely as white iron without alloying. Malleabilization requires heat treatment, which is energy intensive. Packing into tubs and shot blasting for scale removal...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320031
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
... the formation of white iron. Slightly thicker walls may need some minor additions of carbide-stabilizing elements (such as bismuth or tellurium) to encourage solidification as white iron. White iron is hard and brittle with high compressive strength and excellent wear resistance. The hardness is maintained even...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ems.t53730069
EISBN: 978-1-62708-283-9
... THE LAST CHAPTER dealt with nonferrous metals, this chapter focuses on the other main category of metals: ferrous metals, or those containing iron. Iron is the most versatile of all metals. It is inexpensive and can be made very hard or relatively soft and ductile depending on carbon content, alloying...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.msisep.t59220583
EISBN: 978-1-62708-259-4
...). Manganese Manganese makes cementite decomposition more difficult because it dissolves in this phase. In manganese-containing iron-based alloys, cementite can be described as (Fe, Mn) 3 C. When the manganese content is high, it may counteract the effects of silicon and render the cast iron white...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mgppis.t60400023
EISBN: 978-1-62708-258-7
... as a single composition at 6.7% C. Cementite exists up to 1227 °C (2240 °F), which is its melting temperature. The term “ferrite” appears twice on the iron-cementite diagram: as delta ferrite at high temperatures of 1394 to 1538 °C (2340 to 2800 °F) and as alpha ferrite at temperatures below 912 °C (1675 °F...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pht2.t51440207
EISBN: 978-1-62708-262-4
... of the mass of the casting. The result is a white iron structure that is substantially free of graphite and has a combination of high hardness and resistance to wear. References References 1. Cast Irons , Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys , Vol 1 , ASM Handbook...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.t59250073
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
... of alloys for tool steels. The chapter provides information on the research investigations into the metallurgy of high-speed tool steels at MIT, Union Carbide, and Carbon Laboratories. The major research effort involved in substituting molybdenum for tungsten in high-speed tool steels is discussed...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ts5.t65900001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-358-4
... High-speed steel high-heat hardening: Taylor/White 1903 0.70C-14W-4C prototype of modern high-speed steel 1904 Alloying with 0.3% V 1906 Electric furnace melting introduced 1910 18W-4Cr-1V (18-4-1) steel (T1) introduced 1912 3 to 5% C additions for added red hardness 1923 12% C...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.9781627083324
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htgpge.t67320159
EISBN: 978-1-62708-347-8
... with high-alloy steels, show comparatively good ductility. This characteristic is due to the ability to closely control the amount and type of white layer. High ductility results in high fatigue properties. Distortion Because gears are ion nitrided under vacuum, only the stresses originating from...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200253
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
... resistance necessitates the discussion of cast high chromium white irons. This abrasion-resistant material contains iron and alloy carbides held together by a matrix of martensite and austenite. Table 19-6 taken from the ASTM A532 specification lists chemistry and hardnesses for eight classifications...