Fig. 1.3 Weld bead geometry showing fusion zone, heat-affected zone, and base metal. Source: Ref 1.3 More

Fig. 1.5 Weld microstructures showing the fusion zone, heat-affected zone, and base metal for (a) single-pass bead-on-plate weld in A-710 steel and (b) multipass weld in 304 stainless steel. Source: Ref 1.3 More

Fig. 18 Comparison of J c values for heat-affected zone (HAZ), weld fusion zone (W), and base metal (BM). Values of kJ/da , in MPa, are provided beyond each bar. Cracks are oriented parallel to the welding direction. SA, submerged arc; GTA, gas-tungsten arc; SMA, shielded-metal arc; GMA More

Fig. 11.24 (Part 2) (d) Heat-affected zone in weld metal. 150 HV. Picral. 250×. (e) Heat-affected zone in weld metal. 150 HV. Picral. 1000×. (f) Weld interface. Picral. 250×. (g) Heat-affected zone in parent metal, adjacent to weld interface. 160 HV. Picral. 1000×. More

Fig. 9.82 Cross section through the brittle fracture region of the heat-affected zone of a weld in a structural steel with 490 MPa (71 ksi) strength. Fracture close to the fusion line in an electrogas (high heat-input) weld. The large austenitic grain size and the layer of pro-eutectoid More

Fig. 7 Determination of the hardness curve on the heat-affected zone of a welded joint with an ultrasonic contact impedance (UCI) hardness tester. Courtesy of GE Inspection Technologies More

Fig. 6.124 SEM micrographs. (a) OD edge with a deep crack at heat-affected zone, 50×. (b) Intergranular cracking network on brittle fracture surface, 250× More

Fig. 6.173 Microhardness profile across the weld region; HAZ, heat-affected zone; PM, parent metal More

Fig. 1 Preferential corrosion in the heat affected zone of a carbon steel weldment after service in an aqueous environment. 5×. Source: Ref 3 More

Fig. 9 Micrograph of a longitudinal crack in the heat affected zone of a weld from storage vessel B. Etched with nital. Source: Ref 11 More

Fig. 25 Caustic stress-corrosion cracking in the heat-affected zone of a type 316L stainless steel NaOH reactor vessel. Cracks are branching and intergranular. More

Fig. 40 Intergranular corrosion of the inside surface heat-affected zone of E-Brite stainless steel adjacent to the weld fusion line. Electrolytically etched with 10% oxalic acid. 100× More

Fig. 11.28 (Part 2) (c) Parent metal immediately adjacent to heat-affected zone. 230 HV. Picral. 500× (d) Heat-affected zone. 650 HV. Picral. 500×. (e) Weld metal. 710 HV. Picral. 500×. (f) Weld metal. 710 HV. 2% nital. 1000×. More

Fig. 37 Sulfide stress cracking of hard heat-affected zone next to weld in A516-70 pressure vessel steel after exposure to sour water. 35× More

Fig. 44 Intergranular cracking in heat-affected zone of stringer bead weld on type 304 (S30400) stainless steel pipe due to zinc embrittlement. Weld area had been covered with zinc-rich paint. More

Fig. 14.41 (a) Higher magnification of fusion line and heat-affected zone of SAW-NG weld of 20MnMoNi55 ( Fig. 14.39 ). From the top left to the right, three welding beads can be observed. It is possible to observe the columnar region in each of the beads as well as the refined microstructure More

Fig. 16.17 Example of a hot crack in the heat-affected zone of a dissimilar metals weld (an engineering steel— Chapter 15, “Engineered Special Bar Quality Steel (Engineered Steels),” in this book—and a stainless steel). The crack propagates through the last region to solidify. The crack More

Fig. 6.20 Friction stir fusion weld. A, parent metal; B, heat-affected zone (HAZ); C, unrecrystallized area; D, recrystallized nugget; C + D, thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ). Courtesy of The Welding Institute More

Fig. 16.10 Intergranular cracking in the heat-affected zone of a weld joint for Type 304 pipe that was contaminated with zinc-rich paint when welding was performed. Source: Ref 50 More

Fig. 2.44 Friction stir fusion weld. A = parent metal (PM); B = heat-affected zone (HAZ); C = unrecrystallized area; D = recrystallized nugget; C + D = thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ). Courtesy of The Welding Institute More