This appendix lists approximate equivalent hardness numbers and tensile strengths for Vickers hardness numbers for steel.

This appendix lists approximate equivalent hardness numbers and tensile strengths for Brinell hardness numbers for steel.

This appendix lists approximate equivalent hardness numbers and tensile strengths for Rockwell C and B hardness numbers for steel.

This appendix provides a description of the hardness code and specification of hardness numbers for metals.

This appendix is a collection of tables listing examples of published hardness conversion equations, approximate Rockwell B and C hardness conversion numbers for nonaustenitic steels, and equivalent hardness numbers for Brinell hardness numbers and Vickers (diamond pyramid) hardness numbers for steel.

This appendix includes tables and figures that provide approximate Brinell equivalent hardness numbers for steels.

This appendix is a compilation of approximate equivalent hardness numbers and tensile strengths for carbon and alloy steels in the annealed, normalized, and quenched-and-tempered conditions.

This appendix includes a temperature conversion table, a table containing equivalent hardness numbers, and a unit conversion table.

This chapter discusses the operating mechanism, applications, advantages, and limitations of Brinell hardness testing, Rockwell hardness testing, Vickers hardness testing, Scleroscope hardness testing, and microhardness testing. In addition, the general precautions and selection criteria to be considered are described and details of equipment setup provided.

This chapter discusses the general principles of measuring hardness and hardenability of steel. The discussion begins by defining hardness and exploring the history of hardness testing. This is followed by a discussion on the principles, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of commonly used hardness testing systems: the Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, Scleroscope, and various microhardness testers that employ Vickers or Knoop indenters. The effect of carbon content on annealed steels and hardened steels is then discussed. A brief discussion on the concept of the ideal critical diameter and austenitic grain size of steels is also provided to understand how one can calculate and quantify hardenability. The processes involved in various methods for evaluating hardenability are reviewed, discussing the effect of alloying elements on hardenability.