Fig. 24 Chop marks on the fracture surface of the glass fibers in a glass/polyimide composite tested as a notched four-point bend specimen that failed in compression. 1800× More

Fig. 4.22 Flat glass at 45° makes possible illumination normal to the surface of small samples (arrangement D in the text). More

Fig. 4.26 When objects to be photographed cast inconvenient shadows, a glass base with backlighting may lessen their presence (arrangement H in the text). More

Fig. 33.17 Typical glass laminate aluminum-reniforced ply construction More

Fig. 1.11 Structure of a silicate glass consists of tetrahedra with silicon atoms in the centers and oxygen atoms on the corners. Source: Ref 1.2 More

Fig. 2.13 Golf clubs made from metallic glass. Courtesy of: Otis Buchanan, Liquidmetal Technology, Lake Forrest, CA More

Fig. 8.2 Silica glass is composed of tetrahedra with four O −2 ions (shown by open circles) surrounding Si+ 4 ions. Each O −2 ion is shared by two tetrahedra. Source: Ref 8.2 More

Fig. 8.5 Until the 19th century, panes of glass were made by spinning a rod with a glob of glass at the end and letting the centrifugal force form a disc from which panes could be cut. Source: Ref 8.3 More

Fig. 8.7 Boron trioxide glass. Each boron atom is covalently bonded to three oxygen atoms, which form a triangle around the boron atom. Each oxygen atom is shared by two triangles. Source: Ref 8.2 More

Fig. 8.8 Typical fracture patterns of three grades of glass. (a) Annealed (untempered) glass. (b) Laminated safety glass. (c) Tempered glass. Source: Ref 8.4 More

Fig. 10.3 Glass fibers in a polyester matrix. Note the variability in fiber spacing. Source: Ref 10.2 More

Figure 43 a) Schematic of a Si membrane of a pressure sensor bonded to a glass substrate. The membrane is in under-pressure, b) deflection of the membrane measured using laser interference, c) biaxial mechanical stress in the membrane measured using micro-Raman spectroscopy. More

Figure 55 Acoustic GHz-images of an indented glass sample at different spacings between the acoustic lens and the sample. Left: sample surface in focus. The defocus increases from left to right. More

Fig. 4 Small sample and epoxy on glass More

Fig. 5 Small sample on glass mounted on chuck. Note the change in epoxy color. This color denotes a proper cure. More

Fig. 6 Making the glass sandwich More

Fig. 8 Glass/epoxy on trimmed substrate prior to thinning More

Figure 6 Cross-section of glass substrate showing: (a) the side of the substrate where the weak point was placed, (b) the area of the initiation scribe, and (c) the area away from the weak point where the cleave was allowed to propagate. More

Figure 13 10 keV image of circuit with glass passivation showing negative (bright) charging. Only the metal bond pads are grounded and thus charge-free. More

Figure 14 1.0 keV image of a circuit with glass passivation showing positive (dark) charging. Positive charging tends to be less severe than negative charging and the effects are more subtle. More