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gas nitriding
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Image
Published: 01 December 2003
Image
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 1 Simple schematic arrangement of an ammonia gas nitriding system. A, bulk storage tank; B, gas nitriding furnace; C, gas dissociation test station; D, exhaust to atmosphere. Source: Pye Metallurgical Consulting Inc.
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Image
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 3 Comparative hardness of plasma nitrided versus gas nitrided type 422 stainless steel. Courtesy of Seco/Warwick Corporation
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Image
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 4.26 Nitriding depth of Type 304SS in ammonia (100% in the inlet gas and 60% in the exhaust) at 525 °C (980 °F) as a function of exposure time. Source: Ref 4
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in Control of the Process Gas in Plasma Conditions
> Practical Nitriding and Ferritic Nitrocarburizing
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 1 Ion nitriding furnace incorporating process gas control analysis system. (a) Furnace layout. (b) Schematic of equipment layout. Source: Ref 1
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pnfn.t65900111
EISBN: 978-1-62708-350-8
... resistance elements: (1) pivoting cover in two parts; (2) insulation; (3) refractory material; (4) fluidized bed; (5) heating elements; (6) intake for fluidizing gas; (7) parts to be treated. Source: Ref 1 Abstract A fluidized-bed furnace system can be used for the gas nitriding process...
Abstract
A fluidized-bed furnace system can be used for the gas nitriding process. This chapter focuses on fluidized-bed nitriding. It discusses the methods of heating a fluidized bed. The heating system can be electrical or gas, and internal or external. The chapter describes nitriding and oxynitriding processes in the fluidized-bed furnace. It also explains how to operate the fluid bed for nitriding. The chapter provides a discussion on the measurement of the gas dissociation.
Image
Published: 01 November 2013
Fig. 26 Effect of one- and two-stage nitriding on white layer. (a) Single stage, gas nitrided for 24 h at 525 °C (975 °F). (b) Double stage, gas nitrided for 5 h at 525 °C (975 °F) followed by second stage at 565 °C (1050 °F) for 24 h. Original magnification: 400×. Source: Ref 13
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Image
Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 21.9 Effect of one- and two-stage nitriding on white layer. (a) Single stage, gas nitrided for 24 h at 525 °C (975 °F). (b) Double stage, gas nitrided for 5 h at 525 °C (975 °F) followed by second stage at 565 °C (1050 °F) for 24 h. Original magnification: 400×. Source: Ref 1
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htgpge.t67320133
EISBN: 978-1-62708-347-8
... 0.762 0.030 0.127 0.005 Double-stage gas nitriding cycles Table 6.6 Double-stage gas nitriding cycles Steel Cycle Effective case depth at 50 HRC Maximum white layer thickness Minimum hardness at surface, Rockwell 15 N Core hardness, HRC mm in. mm in. Nitralloy 135M 10...
Abstract
Nitriding is a case-hardening process used for alloy steel gears and is quite similar to case carburizing. Nitriding of gears can be done in either a gas or liquid medium containing nitrogen. This chapter discusses the processes involved in gas nitriding. It reviews the effects of white layer formation in nitrided gears and presents general recommendations for nitrided gears. The chapter describes the microstructure, overload and fatigue damage, bending-fatigue life, cost, and distortion of nitrided gears. Information on nitriding steels used in Europe and the applications of nitrided gears are also provided. The chapter presents case studies on successful nitriding of a gear and on the failure of nitrided gears used in a gearbox subjected to a load with wide fluctuations.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pnfn.t65900185
EISBN: 978-1-62708-350-8
... in nitriding and how to troubleshoot them. The troubleshooting methods discussed relate to gas nitriding, salt bath nitriding, and ion nitriding. Loss of Gas Dissociation Surface Discoloration Case Exfoliation Gas Nitriding Surface Cleanliness Orange Peel Effect Case Crushing Salt Bath...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.gmpm.t51250227
EISBN: 978-1-62708-345-4
... in. 2–5 1.524 0.060 0.381 0.015 6–10 1.270 0.050 0.254 0.010 12–20 0.762 0.030 0.127 0.005 Double-stage gas nitriding cycles Table 5 Double-stage gas nitriding cycles Steel Cycle Effective case depth at 50 HRC Maximum white layer thickness Minimum hardness...
Abstract
Nitriding is a surface hardening heat treatment that introduces nitrogen into the surface of steel while it is in the ferritic condition. Gas nitriding using ammonia as the nitrogen-carrying species is the most commonly employed process and is emphasized in this chapter. Nitriding produces a wear- and fatigue-resistant surface on gear teeth and is used in applications where gears are not subjected to high shock loads or contact stress. It is useful for gears that need to maintain their surface hardness at elevated temperatures. Gears used in industrial, automotive, and aerospace applications are commonly nitrided. This chapter discusses the processes involved in gas, controlled, and ion nitriding.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240395
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... Abstract This chapter discusses the process characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of various processes involved in surface hardening of steel. These include pack carburizing, liquid carburizing, gas carburizing, vacuum carburizing, plasma carburizing, gas nitriding...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the process characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of various processes involved in surface hardening of steel. These include pack carburizing, liquid carburizing, gas carburizing, vacuum carburizing, plasma carburizing, gas nitriding, liquid nitriding, carbonitriding, and hardfacing. The chapter describes two surface hardening processes by localized heat treatment: flame hardening and induction hardening. It also briefly summarizes other surface hardening processes, namely, aluminizing, siliconizing, chromizing, titanium carbide coatings, and boronizing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pnfn.t65900163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-350-8
...-off coatings prevent nitriding of selected areas on components. This chapter discusses the processes, advantages, and disadvantages of stop-off techniques for gas nitriding, salt bath nitriding, and ion nitriding. Electroplating Paint-On Methods Methods for Selective Salt Bath Nitriding...
Image
Published: 01 December 1999
by the relative radius of curvature. Steel Effective case depth, mm (in.) Through hardened (various) ... Flame hardened (PCS) ... Induction hardened (4340) 3.75(0.15) Gas nitrided and salt-bath nitrided 0.14(0.005) Sulphinuz treated 0.17(0.007) Gas nitrided (80 h) (3%Cr-Mo) 0.35
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htgpge.t67320159
EISBN: 978-1-62708-347-8
... of these profiles were far superior to any gas-nitrided gears as illustrated in Fig. 7.7 and 7.8 . The white layer was measured as 0.005 mm (0.0002 in.). No evidence of microcracks, heavy grain boundary nitrides, or decarburization was observed at the case. The core microstructure was essentially tempered...
Abstract
Several limitations in achieving optimal gear performance with conventional nitriding have led researchers to work on a variety of novel and improved nitriding processes. Of these, ion/plasma nitriding offers some promising results, which are reviewed in this chapter. The chapter concludes with a case history describing the application of ion nitriding to an internal ring gear of an epicyclic gearbox.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pnfn.t65900053
EISBN: 978-1-62708-350-8
... parameters apply to the design of the salt bath process as to gas nitriding. However, the salt bath furnace tends to be a more compact unit that occupies less floor space than its gas nitriding counterpart. In addition to batch-type equipment, continuous systems are available for salt bath nitriding...
Abstract
This chapter presents the salts used and the process advantages of salt bath nitriding. It describes bath testing and analysis including the materials and equipment, analysis procedure, and determination of sodium carbonate and sodium cyanate for titration testing of the nitriding salt bath. The chapter explains the procedures for maintenance of the salt bath and related equipment. It also discusses safety precautions and design parameters for furnace equipment.
Image
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 16 H13 steel, heated to 1030 °C (1890 °F) in a vacuum, quenched in nitrogen gas, triple tempered at 510 °C (950 °F), surface activated in manganese phosphate, and gas nitrided 24 h at 525 °C (975 °F). White surface layer is iron nitride. Grain-boundary networks of nitride are present
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pnfn.t65900001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-350-8
...-nitrogen equilibrium diagram. The δ-phase, not shown on this diagram, exists from 11.0 to 11.35% N at temperatures below approximately 500 °C (930 °F). Fig. 3 Schematic of a simple ammonia gas nitriding furnace Fig. 4 Simple schematic of the layout of an early plasma (ion) nitriding...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the metallurgical considerations and process requirements of nitriding. It presents the pioneering work of Adolph Machlet and Adolph Fry and presents early developments. One such development is the Floe process, a two-stage treatment used to reduce the formation of a compound layer on the surface of a nitrided steel.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pnfn.t65900139
EISBN: 978-1-62708-350-8
... Fig. 1 Ion nitriding furnace incorporating process gas control analysis system. (a) Furnace layout. (b) Schematic of equipment layout. Source: Ref 1 Fig. 2 Commencement of nitride formation on a steel surface. Note: The hydrogen now acts as a reducing agent. Source: Ref 3...
Abstract
Process gas control for plasma (ion) nitriding is a matter of estimating the flows necessary to accomplish the required surface metallurgy. This chapter reviews several studies aimed at better understanding process gas control in plasma nitriding and its influence on compound zone formation. Emphasis is placed on the effect of sputtering on the kinetics of compound zone formation. The discussion covers the processes involved in process gas control analysis by photo spectrometry and mass spectrometry and the difficulties associated with gas analysis.
Image
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 17 18% Ni maraging steel (300 CVM), solution treated 1 h at 815 °C (1500 °F), surface activated, and gas nitrided 24 h at 440 °C (825 °F). Etching has made the nitride surface layer and grain-boundary nitrides appear black. Modified Fry’s reagent. 1000×
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