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friction and wear properties
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.9781627083232
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780259
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
.... Polyamides have a tendency to absorb moisture and swell, which can create problems in high-humidity or water-immersion applications ( Ref 14 ). Acetals are very popular for friction and wear applications because of their combination of very good mechanical properties and moderate cost. Their good mechanical...
Abstract
This article focuses on friction and wear as they relate to polymeric materials, covering friction and wear applications for polymeric materials. The discussion covers the causes and mechanisms of friction, wear, and lubrication; different test methods developed to simulate friction and wear mechanisms; and friction and wear test data used for polymeric materials.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300179
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
...Abstract Abstract This chapter covers the friction and wear behaviors of cast irons. It describes the microstructure and metallurgy of gray, white, malleable, and ductile cast irons, their respective tensile properties, and their suitability for applications involving friction, various types...
Abstract
This chapter covers the friction and wear behaviors of cast irons. It describes the microstructure and metallurgy of gray, white, malleable, and ductile cast irons, their respective tensile properties, and their suitability for applications involving friction, various types of erosion, and adhesive and abrasive wear.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300301
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
...-reinforced plastic friction and wear properties plastics THE TERM PLASTICS stems from the fact that this class of materials is melt-processible; at some point in their lives, these materials can be made to flow to produce a desired shape. This situation applies to most plastics. However, some...
Abstract
This chapter covers the friction and wear behaviors of plastics and elastomers. It begins by describing the molecular differences between the two types of polymers and their typical uses. It then discusses the important attributes of engineering plastics and their suitability for applications involving friction, erosion, and adhesive and abrasive wear. It also discusses the tribology of elastomers and rubber along with their basic differences and the conditions under which they produce Schallamach waves. It includes information on polymer composites as well.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... copper alloys friction and wear properties 6.1 Copper Alloys in Tribological Applications Copper (Cu) has been in use in tribological applications for thousands of years. It is one of the few metals that exist in nature in metallic form ( Fig. 6.1 ). Most metals are extracted from compounds...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300271
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... the microstructure, properties, and relative merits of cermets with those of cemented carbides. cemented carbides cermets friction and wear properties industrial ceramics 10.1 Introduction Ceramics This chapter is about materials that have many tribological applications because they can be harder...
Abstract
This chapter concerns itself with the tribology of ceramics, cermets, and cemented carbides. It begins by describing the composition and friction and wear behaviors of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and zirconia. It then compares and contrasts the microstructure, properties, and relative merits of cermets with those of cemented carbides.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300199
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... it affects their performance in adhesive and abrasive wear applications and in environments where they are subjected to solid particle, droplet, slurry, and cavitation erosion and fretting damage. alloy composition carbon and low-alloy steel friction and wear properties microstructure tool steel...
Abstract
This chapter covers the friction and wear behaviors of carbon, alloy, and tool steels. It begins a review of commercially available shapes and forms. It then describes the metallurgy and microstructure of various designations and grades of each type of steel and explains how it affects their performance in adhesive and abrasive wear applications and in environments where they are subjected to solid particle, droplet, slurry, and cavitation erosion and fretting damage.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300421
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... in the United States for in vivo use. Selected References Selected References • Budinski K.G. , Friction, Wear, and Erosion Atlas , Taylor and Francis , Boca Raton, FL , 2014 10.1201/b15984 • Budinski K.G. and Budinski M.K. , Engineering Materials: Properties...
Abstract
This chapter provides guidelines and insights on the selection of materials, coatings, and treatments for friction and wear applications. It begins with a review of the system nature of tribological effects, the subtleties of friction, and the selection idiosyncrasies of the material systems and lubricants covered in prior chapters. It then presents a systematic approach for selecting tribomaterials, using an automotive fan motor as an example.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
...Abstract Abstract This chapter covers coatings and treatments that are used to improve the friction and wear behaviors of materials. It describes modifications that work by hardening contacting surfaces, including heat treating, vacuum coating, thermal spray, and plating, and those...
Abstract
This chapter covers coatings and treatments that are used to improve the friction and wear behaviors of materials. It describes modifications that work by hardening contacting surfaces, including heat treating, vacuum coating, thermal spray, and plating, and those that separate or lubricate surfaces, including solid film, chemical conversion, and vacuum coatings, surface oiling and texturing, and lubricating platings. It compares and contrasts methods based on thickness and depth and their relative effect on friction, erosion, and wear.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300391
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... be retained between rubbing surfaces to lower rubbing friction Thin-film lubricants: Solids applied at the atomic or molecular level to separate and lower friction between surfaces Liquid lubricants: Liquids with sufficient thickness and molecular properties to allow separation of rubbing surfaces...
Abstract
This chapter covers the tribological properties of different types of oil, greases, solid lubricants, and metalworking and traction fluids. It explains how lubricants are made, how they work, and how they are applied and tested. It also discusses the fundamentals of lubrication and friction control, the relationship between viscosity and breakaway friction, and the factors that affect load-carrying capacity and service life.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780267
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
... and friction phenomena are influenced mainly by the shear and adhesive properties of the transferred film. Reprinted with permission from Ref 1 A distinction within the interfacial wear process may be made based on whether or not the frictional heat dissipation is isothermal or quasi-adiabatic...
Abstract
This article provides details on several of the classifications of polymer wear mechanisms, using wear data and micrographs from published works. The primary goals are to present the mechanisms of polymer wear and to quantify wear in terms of wear rate. The discussion begins by providing information on the processes involved in interfacial and cohesive wear. This is followed by sections describing the wear process and applications of elastomers, thermosets, glassy thermoplastics, and semicrystalline thermoplastics. The effects of environmental and lubricant on the wear failures of polymers are then discussed. The article further includes a case study describing the tribological performance of nylon. It ends by presenting some examples of wear failures of plastics.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300013
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
...,” in this book, as a force retarding relative motion between contacting bodies. Friction also means conflict between people—and some countries use the word friction to be synonymous with wear; everybody has their perception of what it is. Friction, as it applies to tribosystems, was identified by ancient Greek...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the types of friction that are of concern in tribological systems along with their associated causes and effects. It discusses some of the early discoveries that led to the development of friction laws and the understanding that friction is a system effect that can be analyzed based on energy dissipation. It describes the stick-slip behavior observed in wiper blades, the concept of asperities, and the significance of the shape, lay, roughness, and waviness of surfaces in sliding contact. It explains how friction forces are measured and how they are influenced by speed, load, and operating environment. It also covers rolling contact and fluid friction and the effect of lubrication.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... of asperity junctions, e is a physical constant for the system, and θ is the average angle of interfering asperities. This is a modification of a relationship that Ernest Rabinowicz, from MIT, presented in his book on friction and wear ( Ref 2 ): µ = s/p where μ is coefficient of friction, s...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the effect of friction in the context of design. It explains how friction coefficients are determined and how they are used to make sizing and selection decisions. It covers practical issues associated with rolling friction, the use of lubricants, and the tribology of metal, ceramic, and polymer surfaces in contact. It also discusses the nature of rolling friction and provides helpful design guidelines.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.secwr.t68350043
EISBN: 978-1-62708-315-7
... to the friction force. Additional contributions may be due to wear by debris particles that become trapped between the sliding surfaces. Because so many mechanisms are involved in generating the friction force, it is clear that friction is not a unique materials property, but instead depends to some extent...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the basic principles of friction and the factors that must be considered when determining its effect on moving bodies in contact. It provides an extensive amount of friction data, including static and kinetic friction coefficients for numerous combinations of engineering materials and coatings. It also describes the causes and effects of the most common forms of wear, the conditions under which they occur, the role of lubrication, and wear testing methods.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780276
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
..., or with two types of fillers known as hybrid composites) and fabrics Each section discusses various aspects, such as friction and wear performance of the composites, correlation of performance with various materials properties, and studies on wear of failure mechanisms by scanning electron microscopy...
Abstract
This article briefly reviews abrasive and adhesive wear failure of reinforced polymers and polymer composites, namely particulate-filled polymers, short-fiber-reinforced polymers, polymers with continuous fibers, and mixed reinforcements and fabrics. It includes scanning electron microscope micrographs of abraded surfaces of composites against 80-grade SiC paper and under 14 N load, and worn surfaces of abraded polyether-imide composites and polyamide 66 unidirectional composites and 66 hybrid composites.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300227
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
...Abstract Abstract This chapter covers the tribological properties of stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It describes the metallurgy and microstructure of the basic types of stainless steel and their suitability for friction and wear applications and in environments where...
Abstract
This chapter covers the tribological properties of stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It describes the metallurgy and microstructure of the basic types of stainless steel and their suitability for friction and wear applications and in environments where they are subjected to liquid, droplet, and solid particle erosion. It also discusses the tribology of nickel- and cobalt-base alloys as well as titanium, zinc, tin, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, graphite, and different types of wood.
Image
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 1 Interfacial wear processes. (a) Initial contact of the two surfaces. (b) Running-in process where the soft polymer molecules are gradually transferred to the hard counterface as third body. (c) Steady-state wear process where the wear and friction phenomena are influenced mainly
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300121
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... the machine or device fail. Electronics manufacturers are doing their best to eliminate all tribosystems that involve materials in sliding contact. Switches used to have sliding members (a tribosystem) that was subject to the vicissitudes of friction and wear. Now, many switches work by infrared sensing...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the processes and procedures involved in tribotesting, the significance of test parameters and conditions, and practical considerations including test metrics and measurements and the interpretation of wear damage. It also describes the different types of erosion tests in use and common approaches for adhesive wear and abrasion testing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aet.t68260245
EISBN: 978-1-62708-336-2
... and wear in the aluminum extrusion process has a direct influence on the accuracy of the shape and the surface finish of extrusion. The friction between the die/material interface may vary in a complicated manner when metal is flowing through the die opening. The wear process in the die bearing...
Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of ongoing efforts to improve quality and productivity in the aluminum extrusion industry. It assesses advancements in several areas including extrusion presses and auxiliary equipment, tool and die technology, billet casting, extrusion thermodynamics and tribology, and process control.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tstap.t56040076
EISBN: 978-1-62708-428-4
... of a gas turbine. Photo courtesy of Rolls-Royce Corporation Background The goal of surface engineering is to extend the life of parts and thus save time, energy, and money. Perhaps the biggest challenge is solving wear problems. Modifying the surface properties of a material or by application...
Abstract
Molybdenum thermal spray coatings are used in aerospace and other industries for wear resistance applications. Metallographic sample preparation of molybdenum coatings presents unique challenges. The purpose of the investigation described in this article is to determine Accepted Practices for sample preparation to better understand the process related microstructures of thermal spray molybdenum powders. The committee followed a round robin approach to assess metallographic sample preparation by a variety of laboratories. The article summarizes the results of the committee’s work.