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free energy
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tm.t52320013
EISBN: 978-1-62708-357-7
... Abstract This chapter describes the basics of energy and entropy and “free energy.” Fundamentals of internal energy U , the enthalpy H , entropy S , free energies G , and F of a substance are presented. The chapter also presents the thermal vibration model to promote a better...
Abstract
This chapter describes the basics of energy and entropy and “free energy.” Fundamentals of internal energy U , the enthalpy H , entropy S , free energies G , and F of a substance are presented. The chapter also presents the thermal vibration model to promote a better understanding of the U , S , and F of the crystal. It covers basic concepts of thermodynamics of magnetic transition and discusses the role and the meaning of magnetic transition in iron and steel. The chapter concludes with a general discussion on an amorphous phase from a thermodynamic viewpoint.
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.10 A combination of Fig. 3.8 and 3.9 : The molar free energy (free energy per mole of solution) for an ideal solution. Adapted from Ref 3.1
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.19 (a) Molar free-energy curve for the α phase. (b) Molar free-energy curves for α and β. Adapted from Ref 3.1
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 5.9 Free-energy and grain-boundary energy diagrams. (a) The parallel tangents law regarding grain-boundary segregation. (b) The relation of grain-boundary energy (σ A-X ) and grain-boundary segregation energy ( Δ E g b x )
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Published: 01 June 1983
Figure 9.1 Free-energy-vs.-temperature schematic for phase transformation. The equilibrium temperature is T 0 ; the martensite start temperature is T ms .
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Published: 01 June 1983
Figure 9.7 Temperature dependence of free energy difference of ϵ and γ structures of iron and Fe–18Cr–8Ni alloy.
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Published: 01 August 2005
Fig. 3.2 Simplified Ellingham diagram showing the free-energy change for oxidation of several metals. Oxide stability is reduced by elevated temperature and decreased oxygen partial pressure. Each dashed line corresponds to the Gibbs free-energy change as a function of temperature, relating
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 9.17 Free-energy curve illustrating change in chemical potential with composition. Source: Ref 9.9 as published in Ref 9.10
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 16.9 (a) Gibbs free-energy composition diagram and (b) locus of solvus curves of metastable and stable equilibrium phases in a precipitation sequence. (a) The points of common tangency show the relationship between compositions of the matrix phase (C″, C′, and C eq ) and the various forms
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 16.12 Free-energy plots of precipitation sequence in aluminum-copper alloys. (a) Free-energy curve with common tangent points for phase compositions in the matrix. (b) Step reductions in the free energy as the transformation proceeds. C eq and C 3 , copper content of α eq and α 3
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Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 4.6 Standard Gibbs free energy of formation for several carbides as a function of (a) temperature and (b) solubility in nickel at 1250 °C (2280 °F). Source: Ref 21
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Published: 01 March 2012
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Published: 01 March 2012
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.1 Gibbs free energy for different atomic configurations in a system. Configuration A has the lowest free energy and therefore is the arrangement of stable equilibrium. Configuration B is in a state of metastable equilibrium. Adapted from Ref 3.1
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Published: 01 March 2012
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.4 Variation of enthalpy, H , and free energy, G , with temperature for the solid and liquid phases of a pure metal. L , latent heat of melting. T m, equilibrium melting temperature. Adapted from Ref 3.1
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.6 Difference in free energy between liquid and solid close to the melting point. The curvature of G S and G L has been ignored. Adapted from Ref 3.1
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Published: 01 March 2012
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.8 Variation of G 1 (the free energy before mixing) with composition ( X A or X B ). Adapted from Ref 3.1
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Published: 01 March 2012
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