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Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tm.t52320013
EISBN: 978-1-62708-357-7
... Abstract This chapter describes the basics of energy and entropy and “free energy.” Fundamentals of internal energy U , the enthalpy H , entropy S , free energies G , and F of a substance are presented. The chapter also presents the thermal vibration model to promote a better...
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.10 A combination of Fig. 3.8 and 3.9 : The molar free energy (free energy per mole of solution) for an ideal solution. Adapted from Ref 3.1 More
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.19 (a) Molar free-energy curve for the α phase. (b) Molar free-energy curves for α and β. Adapted from Ref 3.1 More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 5.9 Free-energy and grain-boundary energy diagrams. (a) The parallel tangents law regarding grain-boundary segregation. (b) The relation of grain-boundary energy (σ A-X ) and grain-boundary segregation energy ( Δ E g b x ) More
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Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 4.3 Gibbs free-energy curves during solidification More
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Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 4.5 Free-energy curves for homogeneous nucleation More
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Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 5.1 Free-energy changes during diffusion in a concentration gradient. Source: Ref 1 More
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Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 6.14 Gibbs free energy curves and construction of binary phase diagram. Source: Ref 6 More
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Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 6.15 Gibbs free energy curves and construction of eutectic phase diagram. Source: Ref 6 More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 1 Standard Gibbs free energy of formation of some metal oxides as a function of temperature. Source: Ref 4 More
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Published: 01 July 2009
Fig. 5.1 Standard free energy of formation of oxides. Data for BeO from Table 5.2 ; data for other oxides from Kubaschewski and Evans [1951] More
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Published: 01 July 2009
Fig. 5.2 Standard free energy of formation of fluorides. Data for BeF 2 from Table 5.2 ; data for other fluorides from Kellogg [1951] and Kubaschewski and Evans [1951] More
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Published: 01 July 2009
Fig. 5.3 Standard free energy of formation of chlorides. Data for BeCl 2 from Table 5.2 ; data for other chlorides from Kellogg [1951] and Villa [1950] More
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 4.2 Standard free energy of formation for selected nitrides. Source: Ref 10 More
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Published: 01 April 2004
Fig. 3.2 Simplified Ellingham diagram showing the free-energy change for oxidation of several metals. Oxide stability is reduced by elevated temperature and decreased oxygen partial pressure. Each dashed line corresponds to the Gibbs free-energy change as a function of temperature, relating More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 2.7 Diagrams of (a) enthalpy, (b) entropy, and (c) free energy of a pure substance. Thick lines indicate the stable phase and the thin lines the metastable phase. More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 2.14 The entropy and the free energy of thermal vibration of a crystal (a) The entropy of thermal vibration. (b) The free energy of thermal vibration More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 2.21 The outlines of enthalpy, entropy, and free energy of amorphous phase and the measured samples of glass transition temperature. The nature of amorphous phase is not known well, and there are a lot of unknowns. (a) H-T. (b) S-T. (c) G-T. (d) T g - T m More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 3.9 Free-energy curves for an ideal solution and a regular solution of A-B binary system. (a) Ideal solution, Ω AB = 0. (b) Solution with Ω AB < 0 (c) Solution with Ω AB > 0. A concave region appears at the temperature below T C = Ω AB /2 R (see section 4.4 ). More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 3.11 Composition and free-energy curve of a complex oxide (Al, Cr) 2 O 3 . (a) Composition of (Al, Cr) 2 O 3 . (b) Free-energy curve of Al 2 O 3 -Cr 2 O 3 pseudobinary system (schematic illustration) More