Fig. 11 Specimen orientation and fracture plane identification. L, length, longitudinal, principal direction of metal working (rolling, extrusion, axis of forging); T, width, long-transverse grain direction; S, thickness, short-transverse grain direction; C, chord of cylindrical cross section More

Fig. 17.29 Specimen orientation and fracture plane identification. L, length, longitudinal, principal direction of metal working (rolling, extrusion, axis of forging); T, width, long-transverse grain direction; S, thickness, short-transverse grain direction; C, chord of cylindrical cross More

Fig. 59 Fracture plane identification in double-cantilever-beam specimens. L, direction of grain flow; T, transverse grain direction; S, short transverse grain direction; C, chord of cylindrical cross section; R, radius of cylindrical cross section; first letter, normal to the fracture plane More

Fig. 36 Fracture planes that are 45° to the direction of loading. (a) Single-shear plane. (b) Double-shear plane. Source: Ref 18 More

Fig. 3.21 (a) Single-shear and (b) double-shear fracture planes that are 45° to the direction of loading More

Fig. 2.44 Fracture surface showing a localized zone of plane-strain fracture (left) from shear overload failure of annealed Armco iron sheet at −196 °C (−321 °F). The configuration indicates that the fracture propagated from left to right in this view. Light fractograph, 5× More

Fig. 1 Plane-strain fracture toughness of maraging steels compared with fracture toughness of several ultrahigh strength steels as a function of tensile strength. More

Fig. 8.61 Macrograph of a plane transverse to a fracture in a steel casting. (The fracture surface is at the bottom of the image.) The central region of the casting presents strong “V” segregation and some porosity. Etchant: hot hydrochloric acid More

Fig. 30 Correlation of plane-strain impact fracture toughness and impact Charpy V-notch energy absorption for various grades of steel. Source: Ref 3 More

Fig. 31 Correlation of plane-strain impact fracture toughness and impact Charpy V-notch energy absorption for SA 533B, class 1, steel. NDT, nil-ductility transition. Source: Ref 3 More

Fig. 32 Relation between plane-strain fracture toughness ( K Ic ) and Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact energy. Tests conducted at 27 °C (80 °F). VM, vacuum melted; AM, air melted. Source: Ref 3 More

Fig. 26 Relationships of plane-strain fracture toughness to yield strength for the 2 xxx and 7 xxx series of aluminum alloys. Source: Ref 12 More

Fig. 43 Effect of crack plane orientation on the fracture toughness of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. A7.3 Plane-strain fracture toughness for 25.4 to 38.1 mm (1 to 1.5 in.) thick commercial aluminum alloys. Source: Ref A7.6 More

Fig. A7.4 Plane-stress fracture toughness for 1 to 4.8 mm (0.04 to 0.2 in.) thick aluminum alloy sheet. Source: Ref A7.7 More

Fig. A8.1 Plane-strain fracture toughness as a function of material tensile yield strength for four-point notch-bend specimens of mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V. Source: Ref A8.2 More

Fig. A10.2 Room-temperature plane-strain fracture toughness for several high-strength steels. Source: Ref A10.1 More

Fig. A10.3 Plane-strain fracture toughness of 4345 steel as function of tensile yield strength and sulfide content. Source: Ref A10.2 More

Fig. A10.4 Room-temperature plane-strain fracture toughness of 4340 steel as a function of tensile yield strength. Source: ○, Ref A10.3 ; ■, Ref A10.4 More