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flame hardening
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.gmpm.t51250249
EISBN: 978-1-62708-345-4
... Abstract Induction and flame hardening are methods of hardening the surfaces of components, usually in selected areas, by the short-time application of high-intensity heating followed by quenching. These processes are used when gear teeth require high hardness, but size or configuration does...
Abstract
Induction and flame hardening are methods of hardening the surfaces of components, usually in selected areas, by the short-time application of high-intensity heating followed by quenching. These processes are used when gear teeth require high hardness, but size or configuration does not lend itself to carburizing and quenching the entire part. This chapter focuses on the processes involved in the induction and flame hardening, covering the applicable materials, hardening patterns, preheat treatment, quenching, tempering, surface hardness, case depth, hardening problems, dual-frequency process, and applications.
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Published: 01 March 2006
Image
Published: 30 April 2024
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pht2.t51440159
EISBN: 978-1-62708-262-4
..., precipitation-hardening, and duplex grades. The chapter also describes the heat treatment conditions that should be followed for processing of stainless steels. cast iron electron-beam hardening flame hardening induction hardening laser-beam hardening shell hardening steel CASE HARDENING...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the processes involved in heat treating of stainless steels, providing information on the classification, chemical compositions, and corrosion resistance of stainless steels. Five groups of stainless steels are discussed: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, precipitation-hardening, and duplex grades. The chapter also describes the heat treatment conditions that should be followed for processing of stainless steels.
Image
Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 10.17 Hardened zone from the surface of a flame-hardened ductile iron. (a) Graphite nodule (black) in a martensitic matrix with some retained austenite (white). (b) Same iron but cast in a thicker section, which resulted in larger graphite nodules
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Image
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 6-4 Comparison of the effective case depth of flame-hardened AISI 8660 alloy steel assessed by visual estimation and by microhardness (500-g) traverses (100 ×, nital, transition zone shown).
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Image
Published: 01 September 2005
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 21.2 The effect of flame speed on depth of hardening of a 1050 steel forging. Source: Ref 21.3
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Image
Published: 01 August 2012
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.secwr.t68350087
EISBN: 978-1-62708-315-7
... Abstract This chapter discusses surface engineering treatments, including flame hardening, induction hardening, high-energy beam hardening, laser melting, and shot peening. It describes the basic implementation of each method, the materials for which they are suited, and their effect on surface...
Abstract
This chapter discusses surface engineering treatments, including flame hardening, induction hardening, high-energy beam hardening, laser melting, and shot peening. It describes the basic implementation of each method, the materials for which they are suited, and their effect on surface metallurgy.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240395
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
..., liquid nitriding, carbonitriding, and hardfacing. The chapter describes two surface hardening processes by localized heat treatment: flame hardening and induction hardening. It also briefly summarizes other surface hardening processes, namely, aluminizing, siliconizing, chromizing, titanium carbide...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the process characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of various processes involved in surface hardening of steel. These include pack carburizing, liquid carburizing, gas carburizing, vacuum carburizing, plasma carburizing, gas nitriding, liquid nitriding, carbonitriding, and hardfacing. The chapter describes two surface hardening processes by localized heat treatment: flame hardening and induction hardening. It also briefly summarizes other surface hardening processes, namely, aluminizing, siliconizing, chromizing, titanium carbide coatings, and boronizing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.phtpp.t59380085
EISBN: 978-1-62708-456-7
... Abstract This chapter describes case depth and discusses flame hardening, laser heat treatment, electron beam hardening, induction heat treatment, and induction hardening. case depth electron beam hardening flame hardening induction hardening induction heat treatment laser heat...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410499
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
... Mechanical components often require surface treatments to meet application demands. This chapter describes several surface hardening treatments for steel and their effect on microstructure, composition, and properties. It discusses flame hardening, induction heating, carburizing, nitriding...
Abstract
Mechanical components often require surface treatments to meet application demands. This chapter describes several surface hardening treatments for steel and their effect on microstructure, composition, and properties. It discusses flame hardening, induction heating, carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding, and nitrocarburizing. The discussion on carburizing addresses several interrelated factors, including processing principles, alloying, surface oxidation, residual stresses, bending fatigue, contact fatigue, and fracture.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htgpge.t67320175
EISBN: 978-1-62708-347-8
... hardened by the dual-frequency method include AISI 1050, AISI 4140, AISI 4340, AISI 4150, and AISI 5150. Applications Dual-frequency process is superior to regular induction hardening and is particularly useful for higher root hardness and close control of case depth. Flame Hardening Flame...
Abstract
Some gears may need to be hardened only at the surface without altering the chemical composition of the surface layers. Induction hardening may be a suitable processing choice in these cases. This chapter provides information on the wide variety of materials that can be induction hardened and on process details involved in induction hardening gears. It discusses the processes involved in heating, quenching, and tempering of gears. Information on surface hardness and case depth after induction hardening, induction hardening problems, the applications of induction hardening gears, and the advancements in induction hardening are also provided.
Image
Published: 01 December 1999
by the relative radius of curvature. Steel Effective case depth, mm (in.) Through hardened (various) ... Flame hardened (PCS) ... Induction hardened (4340) 3.75(0.15) Gas nitrided and salt-bath nitrided 0.14(0.005) Sulphinuz treated 0.17(0.007) Gas nitrided (80 h) (3%Cr-Mo) 0.35
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pht2.t51440207
EISBN: 978-1-62708-262-4
... relieving, annealing, normalizing, surface hardening, quenching, martempering, austempering, and flame and induction hardening. annealing austempering carbon equivalent ductile cast iron flame hardening gray cast iron induction hardening malleable cast iron martempering normalizing quenching...
Abstract
This chapter is a detailed account of heat treating techniques for cast irons (gray and ductile), providing the reader with a basic understanding of the differences among various types of cast irons and the concept of carbon equivalent. The types of heat treatments discussed are stress relieving, annealing, normalizing, surface hardening, quenching, martempering, austempering, and flame and induction hardening.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.phtbp.t59310331
EISBN: 978-1-62708-326-3
... Through hardening: heating, quenching, and tempering to provide the highest possible hardness and strength Surface hardening: flame, induction, or laser heating the surface of a casting to increase its wear resistance Most iron-casting producers would like to produce their castings...
Abstract
Cast irons, like steels, are iron-carbon alloys but with higher carbon levels than steels to take advantage of eutectic solidification in the binary iron-carbon system. Like steel, heat treatment of cast iron includes stress relieving, annealing, normalizing, through hardening, and surface hardening. This chapter introduces solid-state heat treatment of iron castings, covering general considerations for heat treatment and discussing the processes, advantages, and disadvantages of heat treatment of cast iron.
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in Forming of Advanced High-Strength Steels (AHSS)
> Sheet Metal Forming: Processes and Applications
Published: 01 August 2012
Fig. 6.21 Surface treatment effects on tool wear in U-channel drawing of dual-phase steels, thickness 1 mm (0.04 in.). GGG70L, spheroid graphite-bearing cast iron, flame hardened; 1.2379, tool steel (X155CrMo12/1; U.S. D2; Japan SKD 11). Source: Ref 6.3
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smfpa.t53500317
EISBN: 978-1-62708-317-1
... parts due to the cost of pattern-making ( Ref 16.19 ). Wear and galling may limit the life of cast iron dies. To overcome this, selective (flame/laser) hardening, hard chrome plating, and/or adding inserts to high-wear areas are common. These inserts may be manufactured from tool steels. Cast iron...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the types of failures that can occur in sheet metal forming tools and explains how to mitigate their effects. It describes the factors that influence galling and wear and the benefits of special treatments and coatings. It provides information on through hardening, case (surface) hardening, and nitriding as well as hard chrome plating, vapor deposition, and thermal diffusion coating. It explains how to measure wear resistance using various tests and provides guidelines for selecting tool materials, treatments, and coatings.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfub.t53740271
EISBN: 978-1-62708-308-9
... various steels respond to heat treatments, such as annealing, normalizing, spheroidizing, tempering, and direct and interrupted quenching, and surface-hardening processes, such as flame and induction hardening, carburizing, nitriding, and carbonitriding. It also addresses the issue of temper embrittlement...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the processes used in manufacturing to thermally alter the properties of metals and alloys. It begins with a review of the iron-carbon system, the factors that affect hardenability, and the use of continuous cooling transformation diagrams. It then explains how various steels respond to heat treatments, such as annealing, normalizing, spheroidizing, tempering, and direct and interrupted quenching, and surface-hardening processes, such as flame and induction hardening, carburizing, nitriding, and carbonitriding. It also addresses the issue of temper embrittlement and discusses the effect of precipitation hardening on aluminum and other alloys.
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