Fig. 22.23 (a) Finite-element model of original punch geometry. (b) Finite-element model of modified punch geometry (A, face; B, lower punch corner; C, cone angle; D, fillet radius; E, edge) [ Lange et al., 1992b ] More

Fig. 23.21 Finite-element simulation of orbital forming (finite-element model and stress distribution) [ Altan et al., 2003 ] More

Fig. 5.28 Sample finite element model showing an M.I.T. element surrounded by other conventional rectangular and triangular elements. The five nodes for the cracked element are 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21. The crack line starts from node 23 and ends in the middle between nodes 21 and 17 More

Fig. 5.26 Sample finite element model of a center-cracked panel, using conventional h-version elements More

Fig. 5.29 NASTRAN finite element model of a wing of the F-5 fighter. (a) Cracked element is placed at the wing root. (b) Stress-intensity factor solutions. Source: Ref 5.35 More

Fig. 1.24 Finite-element model for blanking a circular part More

Fig. 1.26 Finite-element model showing elastic stresses in punch More

Fig. 3.6 One-fourth finite-element model of round cup drawing More

Fig. 3.9 Schematic of the finite-element model for the forming simulation of a liftgate part. Source: Ref 3.19 More

Fig. 3.11 Finite-element model of sheet hydroforming with punch at (a) initial position and (b) final stroke position (34.3 mm, or 1.35 in., downward). Prepared using PAMSTAMP-2G 2009. Source: Ref 3.20 More

Fig. 6.17 Comparison of finite-element model (FEM)-predicted punch displacement at fracture with experimental results in stretch bending DP 600 with different punch radii. Source: Ref 6.22 More

Fig. 7.19 Actual tools and finite-element model (FEM) of the proposed problem. Source: Ref 7.23 More

Fig. 8.21 Schematic of finite-element model for sheet hydroforming with punch process of a trunk lid-outer. Source: Ref 8.8 More

Fig. 1.38 Sample finite element model More

Fig. 1.40 Finite element model of one-quarter of a cruciform specimen. Source: Ref 1.11 More

Fig. 8.15 The quarter finite element model of round cup drawing. Source: Ref 8.15 More

Fig. 8.18 Punch force/punch stroke curves obtained from finite element model (FEM) simulations and experiment (Exp) with lubricant (Lub A). COF, coefficient of friction. Source: Ref 8.15 More

Fig. 9.23 Finite-element model of a typical pressure vessel More