Fig. 4.13 Macrograph of Fig. 4.12 after light regrinding. Material “fibers” in the longitudinal direction of the rails are visible. Fibers have been distorted in the welding region by the applied pressure. HAZ appears as a lighter “halo.” Etchant: iodine reagent, followed by light regrinding. More

Fig. 10.2 Stress-strain curves for the matrix, the fibers, and the composite. Source: Ref 10.1 More

Fig. 10.3 Glass fibers in a polyester matrix. Note the variability in fiber spacing. Source: Ref 10.2 More

Fig. 10.4 Sketch showing some fibers fracturing at a crack and others pulling out. Source: Ref 10.1 More

Fig. 10.5 Photograph of SiC fibers pulling out of a titanium matrix. Source: Ref 10.3 More

Fig. 15 Carbon fibers in a carbon/epoxy (AS4/3501-6) laminate, following exposure to fire for an unknown time period. 780× More

Fig. 22 Radial marks on the surfaces of glass fibers indicative of tensile failure in a glass/polyimide composite following failure of a notched four-point bend specimen. 3000× More

Fig. 24 Chop marks on the fracture surface of the glass fibers in a glass/polyimide composite tested as a notched four-point bend specimen that failed in compression. 1800× More

Fig. 18 Failure wear mechanisms in fiber-reinforced polymers sliding with fibers in different orientations. (a) Normal orientation; (b) parallel orientation; (c) antiparallel orientation. 1, wear failure of matrix by microplowing, microcracking, and microcutting; microplowing; 2, sliding More

Fig. 11.22 Draw tower used in manufacture of optical fibers Source: Astro Industries, Inc. More

Fig. 1.2 Composite materials made from different types of fibers. (a) Woven glass fiber fabric composite revealing a multiphase-matrix morphology. Ultrathin section, transmitted-light phase contrast, 20× objective. (b) Kevlar (E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company) fabric composite cross section More

Fig. 4.2 Results of a diamond saw cut and the effect on the brittle boron fibers. The cracked fiber is easy to see, and scratches are evident in the micrograph. Bright-field illumination, 25× objective More

Fig. 2.1 Specific strength and modulus of some commercially important fibers. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 2.2 Comparison of stress-strain curves of high-strength fibers. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 2.3 Relative fiber cost and performance of some high-strength fibers. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 2.4 Effect of fiber diameter on strength of glass fibers. Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 2.5 Manufacturing processes for fiberglass fibers More

Fig. 11.1 A powder-binder system with embedded fibers or whiskers undergoes alignment during flow through a constricted channel. More