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fiber-reinforced plastic
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Image
Published: 01 October 2012
Fig. 11.4 Relative material temperature limits. CFRP, carbon fiber-reinforced plastic; GMC, glass-matrix composite; MMC, metal-matrix composite; GCMC, glass-ceramic-matrix composite; CMC, ceramic-matrix composite; C-C, carbon-carbon; SiAlON, silicon-aluminum-oxynitride. Source: Ref 11.1
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Image
Published: 01 December 2003
, polytetrafluoroethylene; PBI, polybenzimidazole; CF, carbon fibers; gr, graphite. 1, neat polymers; 2, polymers + PTFE; 3, polymers + graphite/PTFE; 4, polymers + glass fibers (GF); 5, polymers + carbon fibers (CF); and 6, polymers + CF/GF + PTFE. (b) Influence of pressure × velocity ( PV ) factor on wear rate of fiber
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Image
Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 21.1 Relative material temperature limits. Carbon-carbon (C-C), carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), ceramic matrix composite (CMC), carbon-silicon carbide (C-SiC), glass-ceramic matrix composite (GCMC), metal matrix composite (MMC), silicon-aluminum-oxygen-nitrogen (SIALON)
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tm.t52320001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-357-7
... contribute advances that enlighten the others. For example, “polymer alloy” is a new material that has been developed by applying traditional metallurgical alloying techniques to polymers. In another example, the exceptional strength of glass fiber reinforced plastics pointed out the importance of “structure...
Abstract
This chapter explains the distinction between materials and matter through the concept of microstructure. It presents the history of matter science and the establishment of metallography. The chapter provides an overview of the progress of steel technology, progress in synthetic polymers and ceramics, and establishment and development of materials science.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300301
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... materials, such as fiberglass, are considered to be plastics, even though they are sometimes made into shapes by the casting of a liquid that sets up by chemical reaction. Fiberglass types of materials are more correctly termed fiber-reinforced plastic, and they fit more correctly into the materials...
Abstract
This chapter covers the friction and wear behaviors of plastics and elastomers. It begins by describing the molecular differences between the two types of polymers and their typical uses. It then discusses the important attributes of engineering plastics and their suitability for applications involving friction, erosion, and adhesive and abrasive wear. It also discusses the tribology of elastomers and rubber along with their basic differences and the conditions under which they produce Schallamach waves. It includes information on polymer composites as well.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tm.9781627083577
EISBN: 978-1-62708-357-7
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780276
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
..., polymers + CF/GF + PTFE. (b) Influence of pressure × velocity ( PV ) factor on wear rate of fiber-reinforced plastics ( T , 220 °C; V , 3 m/s). Source: Ref 4 Fig. 14 Influence of inclusion of fillers (individually and simultaneously) on friction and wear performance of polyether-imide (PEI...
Abstract
This article briefly reviews abrasive and adhesive wear failure of reinforced polymers and polymer composites, namely particulate-filled polymers, short-fiber-reinforced polymers, polymers with continuous fibers, and mixed reinforcements and fabrics. It includes scanning electron microscope micrographs of abraded surfaces of composites against 80-grade SiC paper and under 14 N load, and worn surfaces of abraded polyether-imide composites and polyamide 66 unidirectional composites and 66 hybrid composites.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.t52860151
EISBN: 978-1-62708-338-6
... circuit. One complete traverse back and forth delamination. The separation of a laminate of the fiber-feed mechanism of a winding machine. along the plane of its layers. Also the separa- circumferential ( circ ) winding. In filament- tion of bonded insulation within the adhesive wound reinforced plastics...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780064
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
... Auto interior panels Tub/shower shells, which are later fiber reinforced Pickup truck bed liners Internally lighted acrylic and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) signs The thermoforming process offers some unique tooling advantages over other conventional plastic processes, primarily...
Abstract
This article describes key processing methods and related design, manufacturing, and application considerations for plastic parts and includes a discussion on materials and process selection methodology for plastics. The discussion covers the primary plastic processing methods and how each process influences part design and the properties of the plastic part. It also includes a brief description of functional requirements in process selection; an overview of various process effects and how they affect the functions and properties of the part; and the selection of processes for size, shape, and design detail factors.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1983
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mlt.t62860413
EISBN: 978-1-62708-348-5
... Approach 12.2.1 Design and Fabrication 12.3.2 Low-Pressure Reinforced Plastics Low-Modulus Fibers Hybrid Laminates Polymer Matrices 12.1.1 Why Composites? 12.3 Material Overview 12.3.1 High-Pressure Reinforced Plastic Laminates High-Modulus Fibers 12.5.3 Cryogenic Experience...
Abstract
Composite systems for cryogenic applications are discussed in this chapter. This chapter emphasizes filamentary-reinforced composites because they are the most widely used composite materials. It begins with a discussion on the approach to designing and fabricating with low-pressure laminate composites. This is followed by a section providing an overview of the materials in modern cryogenic technology. Then, the chapter describes the effect of cryogenic temperatures on materials properties; it also introduces the various joining techniques developed for composite materials. The effects of radiation on the properties of the materials are covered as well as the processes involved in testing laminates at cryogenic temperatures. Finally, the chapter provides information available on concrete aggregate composites.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.gmpm.t51250077
EISBN: 978-1-62708-345-4
...Property values for Nylons 6 and 6/6 Table 1 Property values for Nylons 6 and 6/6 Dry, as-molded, approximately 0.2% moisture content Property Nylon 6 Nylon 6/6 Molding compound Glass fiber reinforced, 30–33% Toughened Molding and extrusion compound Glass fiber reinforced, 30...
Abstract
Plastic gears are continuing to displace metal gears in applications ranging from automotive components to office automation equipment. This chapter discusses the characteristics, classification, advantages, and disadvantages of plastics for gear applications. It provides a comparison between the properties of metals and plastics for designing gears. The chapter reviews some of the commonly used plastic materials for gear applications including thermoplastic and thermoset gear materials. The chapter also describes the processes involved in plastic gear manufacturing.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.t52860095
EISBN: 978-1-62708-338-6
...-Fiber Strands, Yarns, and Rovings Used in Reinforced Plastics ASTM D 2584-08 Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins ASTM D 2734-09 Standard Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics ASTM D 3171-09 Standard Test Methods for Constituent Content...
Abstract
The objective of mechanical testing of an engineered material is to provide data necessary for the analysis, design, and fabrication of structural components using the material. The testing of filament-wound composite materials offers unique challenges because of the special characteristics of composites. This chapter describes suitable static mechanical test techniques for characterizing laminated composite materials. The approach is to provide recommended techniques, based on consensus opinions of fabricators and users of filament-wound composites, and to survey available techniques that have been used successfully in the field. The chapter describes the effects of various factors on the properties of composite constituents, including fibers, resins, and unidirectional plies. Some aspects of specimen selection are also described. The chapter provides information on pressure bottles and tubular parts that have been developed as standard test specimens for combined load testing of composites.
Image
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 22 Failure wear mechanisms of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer composites with different orientations of fibers with respect to sliding direction against a smooth metal surface. (a) Normal (N) aramid fibers (AF). (b) Parallel (P) carbon fibers (CF). (c) Wear reduction mechanism due
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550621
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
...-fiber polymer-matrix composites are replacing these alloys. In addition, aluminum alloys are not embrittled at low temperatures and become even stronger as the temperature is decreased without significant ductility losses, making them ideal for cryogenic fuel tanks for rockets and launch vehicles. High...
Abstract
This chapter consists of three parts. The first part provides data and guidelines for selecting materials and processing routes. It compares the basic properties of metals, ceramics, and polymers, identifies important measures of performance, and discusses manufacturing processes and their compatibility with specific materials. The chapter then presents general guidelines for selecting lightweight materials, and concludes with a review of lightweight metals, plastics, and composites used in automotive applications.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870285
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
.... It is the variation of shear stress that causes the buildup of tensile stress in the fiber. To achieve a high degree of reinforcing efficiency, a strong interfacial bond is required. To achieve full stress in the fiber, the fiber length must be at least equal to what is known as the critical fiber length l c...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... of new plastics were polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride. The real star of the plastics industry in the 1930s was polyamide, far better known by its trade name nylon. Nylon was the first purely synthetic fiber, introduced by DuPont Corporation at the 1939 World’s Fair in New York City. Plastics came...
Abstract
Engineers have many materials to choose from when dealing with weight-related design constraints. The list includes aluminum, beryllium, magnesium, and titanium alloys as well as engineering plastics, structural ceramics, and polymer-, metal-, and ceramic-matrix composites. This chapter provides a brief overview of these lightweight materials, discussing their primary advantages along with their properties, behaviors, and limitations.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
.... It also includes continuous fiber-reinforced resins (composite materials) as well as the short fiber- and/or particulate-reinforced plastics commonly used for parts and components. Because composites are a subset of engineering plastics, they are addressed in much greater detail in Chapter 8, “Polymer...
Abstract
This chapter describes the molecular structures and chemical reactions associated with the production of thermoset and thermoplastic components. It compares and contrasts the mechanical properties of engineering plastics with those of metals, and explains how fillers and reinforcements affect impact and tensile strength, shrinkage, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity. It examines the relationship between tensile modulus and temperature, provides thermal property data for selected plastics, and discusses the effect of chemical exposure, operating temperature, and residual stress. The chapter also includes a section on the uses of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and provides information on fabrication processes and fastening and joining methods.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780314
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
... materials. The discussion focuses mainly on reinforcing glass and carbon fibers and is limited, for clarity, to composites reinforced with continuous, uniaxially oriented fibers. Damage mechanisms may take several forms. The plastic matrix is subject not only to the damage mechanisms discussed previously...
Abstract
This article describes the mechanisms of moisture-induced damage in polymeric materials, covering the characteristics of important structural plastics; the effects of moisture on glass transition temperature, modulus, creep, and stress relaxation of plastic materials; and moisture-induced fatigue failure in composites. The effect of moisture on the mechanical properties of thermoset resins and thermoplastics are also discussed.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870573
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
.... Carbon-carbon (C-C), carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), ceramic matrix composite (CMC), carbon-silicon carbide (C-SiC), glass-ceramic matrix composite (GCMC), metal matrix composite (MMC), silicon-aluminum-oxygen-nitrogen (SIALON) While reinforcements such as fibers, whiskers, or particles...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the types of fibers and matrix materials used in ceramic matrix composites and the role of interfacial coatings. It describes the methods used to produce ceramic composites, including powder processing, slurry infiltration and consolidation, polymer infiltration and pyrolysis, chemical vapor infiltration, directed metal oxidation, and liquid silicon infiltration.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550569
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... are stable to temperatures approaching 3000 °C (5430 °F). Fig. 11.4 Relative material temperature limits. CFRP, carbon fiber-reinforced plastic; GMC, glass-matrix composite; MMC, metal-matrix composite; GCMC, glass-ceramic-matrix composite; CMC, ceramic-matrix composite; C-C, carbon-carbon; SiAlON...
Abstract
Ceramic-matrix composites possess many of the desirable qualities of monolithic ceramics, but are much tougher because of the reinforcements. This chapter explains how reinforcements are used in ceramic-matrix composites and how they alter energy-dissipating mechanisms and load-carrying behaviors. It compares the stress-strain curves for monolithic ceramics and ceramic-matrix composites, noting improvements afforded by the addition of reinforcements. It then goes on to discuss the key attributes, properties, and applications of discontinuously reinforced ceramic composites, continuous fiber ceramic composites, and carbon-carbon composites. It also describes a number of ceramic-matrix composite processing methods, including cold pressing and sintering, hot pressing, reaction bonding, directed metal oxidation, and liquid, vapor, and polymer infiltration.