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Book Chapter
Fatigue Fracture
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630117
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
... Abstract Fatigue fractures are generally considered the most serious type of fracture in machinery parts simply because fatigue fractures can and do occur in normal service, without excessive overloads, and under normal operating conditions. This chapter first discusses the three stages...
Abstract
Fatigue fractures are generally considered the most serious type of fracture in machinery parts simply because fatigue fractures can and do occur in normal service, without excessive overloads, and under normal operating conditions. This chapter first discusses the three stages (initiation, propagation, and final rupture) of fatigue fracture followed by a discussion of its microscopic and macroscopic characteristics. The relationship between stress and strength in fatigue is explained. The next section provides information that may help the uninitiated to appreciate some of the problems of laboratory fatigue testing and of the fatigue process itself. Finally, information on types and statistical aspects of fatigue is provided along with examples.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fahtsc.t51130241
EISBN: 978-1-62708-284-6
... Abstract This chapter discusses the various factors influencing the evaluation of fatigue fracture of nitrided layers. It begins by describing the problems of enhancing the fatigue resistance of machine components. The significance and detailed assessment of the effect of a structural flaw...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the various factors influencing the evaluation of fatigue fracture of nitrided layers. It begins by describing the problems of enhancing the fatigue resistance of machine components. The significance and detailed assessment of the effect of a structural flaw are then explained, using investigations of the effect of variable core conditions on fatigue resistance as an example. This is followed by a discussion on the processes involved in the evaluation of fatigue properties of nitrided steels. The chapter also describes the determination of the fatigue characteristics of nitrided steels after the carbonitriding treatment.
Book Chapter
Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610209
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... Abstract This chapter provides information and data on the fatigue and fracture properties of steel, aluminum, and titanium alloys. It explains how microstructure, grain size, inclusions, and other factors affect the fracture toughness and fatigue life of these materials and the extent to which...
Abstract
This chapter provides information and data on the fatigue and fracture properties of steel, aluminum, and titanium alloys. It explains how microstructure, grain size, inclusions, and other factors affect the fracture toughness and fatigue life of these materials and the extent to which they can be optimized. It also discusses the effect of metalworking and heat treatment, the influence of loading and operating conditions, and factors such as corrosion damage that can accelerate crack growth rates.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Fatigue and Fracture
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... Abstract This chapter provides a brief review of industry’s battle with fatigue and fracture and what has been learned about the underlying failure mechanisms and their effect on product lifetime and service. It recounts some of the tragic events that led to the discovery of fatigue and brittle...
Abstract
This chapter provides a brief review of industry’s battle with fatigue and fracture and what has been learned about the underlying failure mechanisms and their effect on product lifetime and service. It recounts some of the tragic events that led to the discovery of fatigue and brittle fracture and explains how they reshaped design philosophies, procedures, and tools. It also discusses the influence of material and manufacturing defects, operating conditions, stress concentration and intensity, temperature and pressure, and cyclic loading, all of which play a role in the onset of fatigue cracking and thus should be considered when predicting useful product life.
Book Chapter
Fatigue and Fracture of Ceramics and Polymers
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610327
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... Abstract This chapter covers the fatigue and fracture behaviors of ceramics and polymers. It discusses the benefits of transformation toughening, the use of ceramic-matrix composites, fracture mechanisms, and the relationship between fatigue and subcritical crack growth. In regard to polymers...
Abstract
This chapter covers the fatigue and fracture behaviors of ceramics and polymers. It discusses the benefits of transformation toughening, the use of ceramic-matrix composites, fracture mechanisms, and the relationship between fatigue and subcritical crack growth. In regard to polymers, it covers general characteristics, viscoelastic properties, and static strength. It also discusses fatigue life, impact strength, fracture toughness, and stress-rupture behaviors as well as environmental effects such as plasticization, solvation, swelling, stress cracking, degradation, and surface embrittlement.
Book Chapter
Fatigue and Fracture of Continuous-Fiber Polymer-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610377
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... Abstract Unlike metals, in which fatigue failures are due to a single crack that grows to a critical length, the effects of fatigue in composites are much more distributed and varied. As the chapter explains, there are five major damage mechanisms that contribute to the progression of composite...
Abstract
Unlike metals, in which fatigue failures are due to a single crack that grows to a critical length, the effects of fatigue in composites are much more distributed and varied. As the chapter explains, there are five major damage mechanisms that contribute to the progression of composite fatigue, those being matrix cracking, fiber breaking, crack coupling, delamination initiation, and delamination growth. The chapter describes each mechanism in detail along with related factors. It also discusses the primary differences between composites and metals, the effect of manufacturing defects, damage tolerance, and testing and certification.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.wip.t65930113
EISBN: 978-1-62708-359-1
... Abstract This article discusses the various options for controlling fatigue and fracture in welded steel structures, the factors that influence them the most, and some of the leading codes and standards for designing against these failure mechanisms. The two most widely used approaches...
Abstract
This article discusses the various options for controlling fatigue and fracture in welded steel structures, the factors that influence them the most, and some of the leading codes and standards for designing against these failure mechanisms. The two most widely used approaches discussed for fatigue control in welded joints are the S-N curve approach and the fracture mechanics assessment methods.
Book
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.9781627083034
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
Image
Surface of a torsional fatigue fracture that caused brittle fracture of the...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 November 2012
Fig. 23 Surface of a torsional fatigue fracture that caused brittle fracture of the case of an induction-hardened axle of 1541 steel. The fatigue crack originated (arrow) at a fillet (with a radius smaller than specified) at a change in shaft diameter near a keyway runout. Case hardness
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Image
Scanning electron microscopy studies of fatigue-fracture surface by replica...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2006
Fig. 10.8 Scanning electron microscopy studies of fatigue-fracture surface by replication. Material: 7075-T6 aluminum alloy; fatigue life, 56,000 cycles. Source: Ref 10.31
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Image
Fatigue fracture surface of 7075-T6 aluminum showing the striations produce...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2006
Fig. 10.30 Fatigue fracture surface of 7075-T6 aluminum showing the striations produced by a program consisting of a severe overload followed by ten constant amplitude load cycles. Source: Ref 10.24
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Image
Fatigue fracture of bearing steel caused by inclusions in rotary bending. D...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 1999
Fig. 5.40 Fatigue fracture of bearing steel caused by inclusions in rotary bending. Distance from steel surface vs. diameter of inclusions that initiated fatigue fracture. Source: Ref 60 , 73 Steel Composition, % C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu ○ 1.04 0.27 0.40 0.013 0.011
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Image
Fatigue fracture in gas-carburized and modified 4320 steel. (a) Overview of...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 September 2005
Fig. 8 Fatigue fracture in gas-carburized and modified 4320 steel. (a) Overview of initiation, stable crack propagation, and unstable crack propagation. (b) Same area as shown in (a), but with extent of stable crack indicated by dashed line. (c) Higher magnification of intergranular initiation
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Image
Bending-fatigue fracture in the heel of one tooth of a spiral bevel pinion ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 September 2005
Fig. 7 Bending-fatigue fracture in the heel of one tooth of a spiral bevel pinion of AISI 8617 steel, carburized and hardened to 57 HRC in the case. Fracture resulted from severe pitting. Note that pitting had begun in an adjoining tooth (near top). Original magnification at 0.75×
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Image
Bending-fatigue fracture in two teeth of a reverse idler gear of AISI 8617 ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 September 2005
Fig. 8 Bending-fatigue fracture in two teeth of a reverse idler gear of AISI 8617 steel, carburized and hardened to 60 HRC in the case. Arrows point to the root fillets on both sides of each tooth, where fracture began due to excessive stress in these locations. Original magnification at ~2×
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Image
Surface of a bending-fatigue fracture in a tooth (upper tooth in this view)...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 September 2005
Fig. 10 Surface of a bending-fatigue fracture in a tooth (upper tooth in this view) of a large spiral bevel pinion of AISI 8620 steel carburized and hardened to 60 HRC at the surface. The arrow marks the fatigue-crack origin, in the root fillet. The absence of this tooth resulted in fracture
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Image
Surface of a spalling-fatigue fracture in a single tooth of a heavily loade...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 September 2005
Fig. 27 Surface of a spalling-fatigue fracture in a single tooth of a heavily loaded final-drive pinion of AISI 8620 steel, carburized and hardened to 60 HRC in the case, showing vertical scratches, which indicate that appreciable abrasive wear took place also. The surface ripples at right
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Image
Fatigue fracture of AISI 4140 bull gear due to improper heat treatment. The...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 September 2005
Fig. 42 Fatigue fracture of AISI 4140 bull gear due to improper heat treatment. The one-of-a-kind replacement gear had a service life of just 2 weeks. Heat treatment did not produce full hardness in gear teeth. Hardness at tooth face, 15 HRC; at tooth core, 82 HRB. (a) Outside diameter of gear
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Image
Fatigue fracture of a 3¼ in. diam induction-hardened shaft of 1541 steel af...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 November 2013
Fig. 6 Fatigue fracture of a 3¼ in. diam induction-hardened shaft of 1541 steel after fatigue testing in rotary bending. Fatigue fracture origins A and B were subsurface due to the steep induction-hardened gradient and lack of an external stress concentration. (See Fig. 9 in Chapter 3
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Image
Multiple-origin fatigue fracture of a short, stubby ⅝ in. bolt that fractur...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 November 2013
Fig. 13 Multiple-origin fatigue fracture of a short, stubby ⅝ in. bolt that fractured under tensile fatigue. (a) Numerous fatigue origins separated by radial ratchet marks. (b) Close-up of several fatigue origins separated by ratchet marks. Because this bolt was in a continuously operated test
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