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fabrication properties
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120195
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... Abstract This appendix provides datasheets describing the chemical composition, processing characteristics, mechanical and fabrication properties, and heat treating of various grades of alpha-beta titanium. Datasheets are provided for the following alloys: Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (UNS: R58650...
Abstract
This appendix provides datasheets describing the chemical composition, processing characteristics, mechanical and fabrication properties, and heat treating of various grades of alpha-beta titanium. Datasheets are provided for the following alloys: Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (UNS: R58650, Ti-17); Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (UNS R56260, Ti-6246); Ti-6Al-4V (UNS R56400) and Ti-6Al-4V ELI (UNS R56401); Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn (UNS R56620, Ti-662); Ti-7Al-4Mo (UNS R56740); Ti-6Al-1.7Fe-0.1Si (TiMetal 62S); Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe (SP-700); Ti-6Al-7Nb (IMI 367); Ti-4Al-4Mo-2Sn-0.5Si (IMI 550); Ti-4Al-4Mo-4Sn-0.5Si (IMI 551); Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Mo-2Cr-0.25Si (Ti-6-22-22S); Ti-5Al-2.5Fe (DIN 3.7110, Tikrutan LT 35); and Ti-5Al-5Sn-2Zr-2Mo-0.25Si (UNS R54560, Ti-5522-S).
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120240
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... Abstract This appendix provides datasheets describing the chemical composition, processing characteristics, mechanical and fabrication properties, and heat treating of beta and near-beta titanium alloys. Datasheets are provided for the following alloys: Ti-11.5Mo-6Zr-4.5Sn (UNS R58030, Beta III...
Abstract
This appendix provides datasheets describing the chemical composition, processing characteristics, mechanical and fabrication properties, and heat treating of beta and near-beta titanium alloys. Datasheets are provided for the following alloys: Ti-11.5Mo-6Zr-4.5Sn (UNS R58030, Beta III); Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr (UNS R58640, Beta C and 38-6-44); Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al (Ti-10-2-3); Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al (UNS R58010, Ti-13-11-3); Ti-15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn (Ti-15-3); Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.25Si (UNS R58210, TiMetal 21S and Beta 21S); Ti-5Al-2Sn-4Zr-4Mo-2Cr-1Fe (Beta CEZ); Ti-8Mo-8V-2Fe-3Al (Ti-8823); Ti-15Mo-5Zr; Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al; Ti-11.5V-2Al-2Sn-11Zr (T129); Ti-12V-2.5Al-2Sn-6Zr (T134); Ti-13V-2.7Al-7Sn-2Zr (T175); Ti-8V-5Fe-1Al; and Ti-16V-2.5Al.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120159
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... Abstract This appendix provides datasheets describing the chemical composition, processing characteristics, mechanical and fabrication properties, and heat treating of alpha and near-alpha titanium alloys. Datasheets are provided for the following alloys: Ti-3Al-2.5V (ASTM Grade 9, UNS R56320...
Abstract
This appendix provides datasheets describing the chemical composition, processing characteristics, mechanical and fabrication properties, and heat treating of alpha and near-alpha titanium alloys. Datasheets are provided for the following alloys: Ti-3Al-2.5V (ASTM Grade 9, UNS R56320), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (UNS R54520/R54521), Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo (UNS R56210), Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.08Si (UNS R54620), Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V (UNS R54810), and Ti-6Al-2.75Sn-4Zr-0.4Mo-0.45Si (Ti-1100).
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120144
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... Abstract This appendix provides datasheets on high purity titanium, describing its processing characteristics, mechanical and fabrication properties, and heat treating practices. high purity titanium ...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120148
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... Abstract This appendix provides datasheets describing the chemical composition, processing characteristics, mechanical and fabrication properties, and heat treating of commercially pure and modified titanium. The datasheets address four grades of unalloyed titanium (ASTM Grade 1, UNS R50250...
Abstract
This appendix provides datasheets describing the chemical composition, processing characteristics, mechanical and fabrication properties, and heat treating of commercially pure and modified titanium. The datasheets address four grades of unalloyed titanium (ASTM Grade 1, UNS R50250; ASTM Grade 2, UNS R50400; ASTM Grade 3, UNS R50550; and ASTM Grade 4, UNS R50700), two grades of modified titanium (ASTM Grade 7, UNS R52400; and ASTM Grade 11, UNS R52250), and alloy Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni (ASTM Grade 12, UNS R53400).
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1983
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mlt.t62860413
EISBN: 978-1-62708-348-5
.... The terminology of composite systems must be understood along with approaches to design and fabrication that differ in several important aspects from those of metals technology. It is necessary to have an understanding of useful composite systems and their properties — in particular, the effects of cryogenic...
Abstract
Composite systems for cryogenic applications are discussed in this chapter. This chapter emphasizes filamentary-reinforced composites because they are the most widely used composite materials. It begins with a discussion on the approach to designing and fabricating with low-pressure laminate composites. This is followed by a section providing an overview of the materials in modern cryogenic technology. Then, the chapter describes the effect of cryogenic temperatures on materials properties; it also introduces the various joining techniques developed for composite materials. The effects of radiation on the properties of the materials are covered as well as the processes involved in testing laminates at cryogenic temperatures. Finally, the chapter provides information available on concrete aggregate composites.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hpcspa.t54460209
EISBN: 978-1-62708-285-3
... property change. Thus, CGDS additive manufacturing technology will occupy a critical position in the automotive industry, even though the research is in its early stages. Also, the cold spray process has been researched as a new fabrication technology in various fields of industry ( Ref 8.20 – 8.25...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the application of high-pressure cold spray to the automotive industry field, with special attention to three applications: additive manufacturing, fabrication methods, and protective coatings. Various studies on the automotive application of cold spray are reviewed. The background and purpose of each application are presented and practical cases are discussed.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550385
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
..., and high-temperature and corrosion behaviors are determined by the orientation, shape, and spacing of fibers, the number of plies, resin properties, and consolidation and forming methods. The chapter also covers secondary fabrication processes, such as thermoforming, machining, and joining, as well...
Abstract
Polymer-matrix composites are among the lightest structural materials in use today. They are also highly resistant to corrosion and fatigue and their load-carrying capabilities, such as strength and stiffness, can be tailored for specific applications. This chapter discusses the primary advantages and disadvantages of polymer-matrix composites, how they are produced, and how they perform in different applications. It describes the construction of laminates, the fibers and resins used, and the methods by which they are combined. It explains how strength, modulus, toughness, and high-temperature and corrosion behaviors are determined by the orientation, shape, and spacing of fibers, the number of plies, resin properties, and consolidation and forming methods. The chapter also covers secondary fabrication processes, such as thermoforming, machining, and joining, as well as production equipment and product forms, and include guidelines for optimizing tradeoffs when selecting fibers, resins, and production techniques.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120025
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... and physical properties of titanium in the finished shape can be affected by any of several factors, or by a combination of factors, among the most important of which are: Melting process used to make ingot Method for mechanically working ingots into mill products Fabrication or heat treatment...
Abstract
This chapter describes the basic steps in the production of titanium ingots and their subsequent conversion to standards product forms. It explains how titanium ore is reduced to a spongy residue, then granularized, compacted, and melted (along with alloying additions) to form an ingot, which may be remelted several times to achieve the necessary properties. It also discusses the cause of defects and ingot imperfections and the benefits of billet reduction and grain-refinement processes.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200144
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
... and comparable cast and fabricated structures indicate that steel castings generally have comparable fatigue properties to wrought materials and weldments. Construction of parts as castings is therefore strongly recommended. Contoured and filleted portions of the component can be executed as a casting and welds...
Abstract
Parts of machines and equipment that have previously been designed as wrought or fabricated parts, or as cast parts of metals other than steel, are often reconsidered as steel castings. This chapter presents bending test data for several junction designs of L and box sections and discusses redesign from fabrication, forgings, and cast iron. The chapter also includes the benefits of redesign.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870489
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
... can lower fabrication costs overall by reducing or eliminating hand lay-up costs. If structural efficiency and weight are important design parameters, continuous-reinforced product forms are normally used because discontinuous fibers yield lower mechanical properties. Some common trade-offs when...
Book Chapter
Comparing the Microstructure of Components Prepared by Various Powder Metallurgy and Casting Methods
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400141
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... materials mainly depends on the elemental composition, the type of fabrication route, and the heat treatment. The material structure affects the material properties in a significant way ( Ref 7.1 ). Therefore, metallurgists strive to control the microstructures of various alloys and metals to tune...
Abstract
This chapter examines the microstructure of metallic components produced by casting and compares them with microstructures achieved by means of powder metallurgy. It shows how metals and alloys obtained by various processing routes differ in terms of grain size, secondary phases, oxide and carbide dispersions, porosity, dendritic formation, and properties such as hardness, toughness, tensile strength, and yield strength.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
... use as a structural material. Key Characteristics of Aluminum Aluminum offers a wide range of properties that can be engineered precisely to the demands of specific applications through the choice of alloy, temper, and fabrication process. The properties of aluminum and its alloys which give...
Abstract
Aluminum is the second most widely used metal in the world. It is readily available, offers a wide range of properties, and can be shaped, coated, and joined using a variety of methods. This chapter discusses some of the key attributes of wrought and cast aluminum alloys and the classifications, designations, and grades of available product forms. It also explains how aluminum alloys are used in aerospace, automotive, rail, and marine applications as well as in building and construction, electrical products, manufacturing equipment, packaging, and consumer durables such as appliances and furniture.
Image
in Melting, Casting, and Powder Metallurgy[1]
> Titanium: Physical Metallurgy, Processing, and Applications
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 8.52 Comparison of room-temperature fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V processed by additive manufacturing and a comparison with conventionally fabricated Ti-6Al-4V. ▪, ♦, and ▴ represent properties in the three orthogonal directions: x , y , and z , respectively. HIP, hot isostatic
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Book Chapter
Book: Introduction to Thin Film Deposition Techniques: Key Topics in Materials Science and Engineering
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 January 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.itfdtktmse.t56060001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-440-6
... deposition processes coating microstructure coating properties compound films dielectric coatings e-beam evaporation ion plating metallic coatings physical deposition processes sputtering thin films vapor phase epitaxy Introduction Thin films, like all coatings, are applied to base...
Abstract
This chapter presents the theory and practice associated with the application of thin films. The first half of the chapter describes physical deposition processes in which functional coatings are deposited on component surfaces using mechanical, electromechanical, or thermodynamic techniques. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques include sputtering, e-beam evaporation, arc-PVD, and ion plating and are best suited for elements and compounds with moderate melting points or when a high-purity film is required. The remainder of the chapter covers chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes, including atomic layer deposition, plasma-enhanced and plasma-assisted CVD, and various forms of vapor-phase epitaxy, which are commonly used for compound films or when deposit purity is less critical. A brief application overview is also presented.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
..., and orthotropic materials, the orientation of plies in unidirectional (lamina) and quasi-isotropic (laminate) lay-ups, and the dominant role of fibers in determining strength, stiffness, and other lamina properties. The chapter also compares the engineering attributes of composites with those of metals...
Abstract
This chapter covers the basic aspects of composite materials. It describes the arrangement, form, and function of their constituent materials and explains how they perform better in combination than on their own. It discusses the directional nature of isotropic, anisotropic, and orthotropic materials, the orientation of plies in unidirectional (lamina) and quasi-isotropic (laminate) lay-ups, and the dominant role of fibers in determining strength, stiffness, and other lamina properties. The chapter also compares the engineering attributes of composites with those of metals and includes application examples.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... applications. The correct selection of reinforcement is very important in yielding the desired resultant materials properties. An improper reinforcement selection may lead to less-than-desirable composite materials properties, difficulty in fabrication, and high cost. The most common discontinuous MMCs...
Abstract
Metal-matrix composites can operate at higher temperatures than their base metal counterparts and, unlike polymer-matrix composites, are nonflammable, do not outgas in a vacuum, and resist attack by solvents and fuels. They can also be tailored to provide greater strength and stiffness, among other properties, in preferred directions and locations. This chapter discusses the processes and procedures used in the production of fiber-reinforced aluminum and titanium metal-matrix composites. It explains how the length and orientation of reinforcing fibers affect the properties and processing characteristics of both aluminum and titanium composites. It also provides information on fiber-metal laminates and the use of different matrix metals and reinforcing materials.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400191
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... CoCrFeMnNi HEA and IN718 lamellar composites with good tensile properties are fabricated with ease by using gas-atomized powders and HPT as cold consolidation techniques ( Ref 9.46 ). Summary For decades, PM has been instrumental in the development of challenging materials and emerging advanced alloys...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the growing role of powder metallurgy in the production of intermetallic, Heusler, and high-entropy alloys. It reviews the challenges of producing these materials by conventional methods and the advantages of sinter-based PM techniques. It explains why PM processes are better suited for complex materials than casting and compares the properties of intermetallic, Heusler, and high-entropy alloys prepared by casting and powder-metal techniques.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200048
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
... benefits ( Figure 3-1 ). Fig. 3-1 Schematic cost comparison between cast and fabricated components Also of major interest is the comparison of cast steel with wrought steel and weldments in terms of properties, availability, cost, and quality. Information on cast steel compared to other cast...
Abstract
Casting is one of the basic processes used for the shaping of steel. It is economical in both cost and time of production. Numerous components are produced from cast steel because of the advantages of the process. These advantages can best be described under the following headings: design flexibility, metallurgical versatility and quality, and economic benefits. This chapter looks at these advantages of steel castings. Of major interest is the comparison of cast steel with wrought steel and weldments in terms of properties, availability, cost, and quality. The chapter also includes information on cast steel compared to other cast metals and other methods of steel fabrication.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200158
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
... to the designer. They are: (1) the use of a cast component can simplify the production of a fabricated component by allowing the weld to be placed in a more accessible position, (2) the use of a cast component in a fabricated structure can reduce the weight of fabricated structures and position the weld in a low...
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