Search Results for etching

Figure 3-55 Example of grain-boundary etching without twin-boundary etching in AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel using Bell and Sonon’s 60% HNO 3 , aqueous etch, Pt cathode, and 0.6 V dc for 2 min (75 ×). More

Figure 11 Chemical etching method with FIB gas assisted planar etching More

Figure 5 An automated Jet Etching system used for regular chemical decapsulation More

Figure 1-4 Hot-acid etching of this disc from a bearing steel billet revealed broken corners, a lap (upper left), several small seams, and freckle-type segregation. More

Figure 1-5 Hot-acid etching of this 9-in square disc of AISI 4142 alloy steel revealed ingot pattern and inclusion pits. More

Figure 1-6 Hot-acid etching of this disc from an AISI 4140 alloy steel billet revealed entrapped gas, heavy segregation, voids, and ingot pattern. More

Figure 1-8 Hot-acid etching of this disc from an AISI 1050 billet revealed a “cokey” center, inclusion pits, and a dendritic pattern. More

Figure 1-10 Hot-acid etching of this disc from an AISI 4145 modified alloy steel billet revealed hydrogen flakes. More

Figure 1-12 a Hot-acid etching of a transverse disc from continuously cast AISI 1045 carbon steel revealed coarser dendrites at top compared to bottom, light center segregation, and halfway cracks. (Courtesy of M. Schmidt, Bethlehem Steel Corp.) More

Figure 1-12 b Hot-acid etching of a longitudinal disc from the center of the disc shown in Fig. 1-12 a revealed the extent of the open center condition. (Courtesy of M. Schmidt, Bethlehem Steel Corp.) More

Figure 1-13 Hot-acid etching of a transverse disc from continuously cast AISI 1008 carbon steel revealed a star-pattern open condition. (Courtesy of M. Schmidt, Bethlehem Steel Corp.) More

Figure 1-14 Hot-acid etching of this transverse section of continuously cast AISI 4140 revealed a dendritic structure, center porosity, and a band (arrow) from induction stirring. (Courtesy of B. L. Bramfitt, Bethlehem Steel Corp.) More

Figure 1-15 Hot-acid etching of this disc from an electroslag-remelted tool steel billet revealed light freckle segregation and a faint, discontinuous ring pattern. (Courtesy of M. H. Lasonde, Bethlehem Steel Corp.) More

Figure 1-16 Hot-acid etching of this disc from an electroslag-remelted tool steel billet revealed a well-developed ring pattern and a few randomly dispersed pits. (Courtesy of M. H. Lasonde, Bethlehem Steel Corp.) More

Figure 3-3 Etching of sheet steel with nital, Marshall’s reagent, and nital produced a stained surface (left) which was removed (right) by ultrasonic cleaning in 3% aqueous EDTA followed by water rinse, alcohol rinse, and drying (110 ×). (Courtesy of A. O. Benscoter, Bethlehem Steel Corp.) More

Figure 3-7 Examples of selective etching of an alloy of Sn and 50% Zn using potentiostatic etching with 1 N NaOH (potentials versus standard calomel electrode. 75 ×). ( From Greene et al., Ref. 21, courtesy of N. D. Greene, Univ. of Connecticut, reproduced courtesy of Pergamon Press .) More

Figure 3-13 Vacuum cathodic etching (2 min, 2500 V, xenon gas at 100 torr) of A7-J graphite brazed to W-l.75Ni-0.75Fe. (Courtesy of R. S. Crouse, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.) More