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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 8.18 Effect of chromium in Fe-Cr alloys on the erosion-corrosion resistance of the alloys at 850 °C (1560 °F) in air with 35 m/s (115 ft/s) particle velocity (130 μm alumina particles). Source: Ref 31
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in Tribological Properties of Stainless Steel and Other Corrosion-Resisting Metals
> Tribomaterials<subtitle>Properties and Selection for Friction, Wear, and Erosion Applications</subtitle>
Published: 30 April 2021
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870085
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
... exhibit superior erosion resistance than do aluminum-copper (Al-Cu) alloys because of the greater propensity for strain aging in the former. With both increasing solute content and degree of hardening, the mode of failure changes from ductile rupture, similar to that of the pure fcc metals...
Abstract
This chapter explains how mechanical processes, including erosion, cavitation, impingement, and fretting, contribute to the effects of corrosion in aluminum alloys. It describes the two main types of erosion-corrosion and the factors involved in cavitation and liquid impingement erosion along with testing and prevention methods. It also provides information on fretting corrosion and fretting fatigue.
Image
in Erosion, Cavitation, Impingement, and Fretting Corrosion
> Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
Published: 01 August 1999
Fig. 8 Classification of 22 alloys or alloy groups according to their normalized erosion resistances relative to 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steel having a hardness of 170 HV. Data are applicable to both liquid impingement and cavitation erosion. Source: Ref 26
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Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 40 Classification of 22 alloys or alloy groups according to their normalized cavitation erosion resistances relative to 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steel having a hardness of 170 HV
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htcma.t52080235
EISBN: 978-1-62708-304-1
... of the alloy (to select a more erosion-resistant alloy) or based on the resistance of the alloy to oxidation or high-temperature corrosion (to select a more erosion-corrosion resistant alloy). The objective of this chapter is to answer this question by reviewing the relevant erosion and erosion-corrosion data...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the erosion and erosion-corrosion behaviors of metals and alloys. It includes data primarily related to particle-laden gas streams impacting on the metal surface. It also covers properties and applications and provides guidelines for materials selection.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300227
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... they are subjected to liquid, droplet, and solid particle erosion. It also discusses the tribology of nickel- and cobalt-base alloys as well as titanium, zinc, tin, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, graphite, and different types of wood. alloy composition cobalt-base alloys corrosion-resistant metals friction...
Abstract
This chapter covers the tribological properties of stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It describes the metallurgy and microstructure of the basic types of stainless steel and their suitability for friction and wear applications and in environments where they are subjected to liquid, droplet, and solid particle erosion. It also discusses the tribology of nickel- and cobalt-base alloys as well as titanium, zinc, tin, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, graphite, and different types of wood.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300271
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... machine components. Ceramics are poor conductors of heat, so when alumina was tested against an alumina ring, there was no way for the friction heat to readily dissipate. Erosion The previously cited dishwasher seal example is also a good illustration of how aluminum oxide resists liquid erosion...
Abstract
This chapter concerns itself with the tribology of ceramics, cermets, and cemented carbides. It begins by describing the composition and friction and wear behaviors of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and zirconia. It then compares and contrasts the microstructure, properties, and relative merits of cermets with those of cemented carbides.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300199
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... resistance. Traditionally soft metals experience maximum erosion when a particle stream is imposed on a surface with an angle of about 26°, and brittle materials such as ceramics get their highest erosion rate at 90° incidence. Work conducted at the BAM (Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und-prufung...
Abstract
This chapter covers the friction and wear behaviors of carbon, alloy, and tool steels. It begins a review of commercially available shapes and forms. It then describes the metallurgy and microstructure of various designations and grades of each type of steel and explains how it affects their performance in adhesive and abrasive wear applications and in environments where they are subjected to solid particle, droplet, slurry, and cavitation erosion and fretting damage.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.9781627083232
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... that does not depend on protective surface films for liquid erosion resistance will have a higher threshold. Fig. 6.8 Liquid erosion in a copper pipe which carries potable water Steam impingement would have a similar velocity threshold like liquid erosion. Copper alloys are seldom used...
Abstract
This chapter covers the friction and wear behaviors of copper alloys. It describes the compositions and forms of copper available and their suitability for applications involving friction, different types of erosion, and adhesive and abrasive wear.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... is approximately 43 HRC. These data suggest that any chromia, alumina, titanium carbide, and tungsten carbide thermal spray coatings will improve solid-particle erosion resistance; that is the incredible power of thermal spray processes. Materials that are impossible to use to manufacture complicated shapes can...
Abstract
This chapter covers coatings and treatments that are used to improve the friction and wear behaviors of materials. It describes modifications that work by hardening contacting surfaces, including heat treating, vacuum coating, thermal spray, and plating, and those that separate or lubricate surfaces, including solid film, chemical conversion, and vacuum coatings, surface oiling and texturing, and lubricating platings. It compares and contrasts methods based on thickness and depth and their relative effect on friction, erosion, and wear.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tstap.t56040076
EISBN: 978-1-62708-428-4
... material such as NiAl is required. Molybdenum has been successfully applied to titanium and aluminum substrates as well. As a further advance, pure molybdenum has been alloyed with specific elements. For example, carbon additions form carbides within the molybdenum matrix can improve erosion resistance...
Abstract
Molybdenum thermal spray coatings are used in aerospace and other industries for wear resistance applications. Metallographic sample preparation of molybdenum coatings presents unique challenges. The purpose of the investigation described in this article is to determine Accepted Practices for sample preparation to better understand the process related microstructures of thermal spray molybdenum powders. The committee followed a round robin approach to assess metallographic sample preparation by a variety of laboratories. The article summarizes the results of the committee’s work.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300301
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... by properties relating to tribological characteristics: Friction (and lubrication) Adhesive wear characteristics Abrasion resistance Erosion resistance 11.2 Plastics Plastics as a class of materials are much weaker (tensile properties) than metals. Their elastic moduli are all less than...
Abstract
This chapter covers the friction and wear behaviors of plastics and elastomers. It begins by describing the molecular differences between the two types of polymers and their typical uses. It then discusses the important attributes of engineering plastics and their suitability for applications involving friction, erosion, and adhesive and abrasive wear. It also discusses the tribology of elastomers and rubber along with their basic differences and the conditions under which they produce Schallamach waves. It includes information on polymer composites as well.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300421
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
..., and it is thought to smear on rubbing surfaces to act as a lubricant. Testing may be necessary before committing to unlubricated tribosystems involving copper alloys. Copper alloys such as deoxidized high-phosphorus copper are the gold standard for carrying potable water. They resist liquid erosion under most...
Abstract
This chapter provides guidelines and insights on the selection of materials, coatings, and treatments for friction and wear applications. It begins with a review of the system nature of tribological effects, the subtleties of friction, and the selection idiosyncrasies of the material systems and lubricants covered in prior chapters. It then presents a systematic approach for selecting tribomaterials, using an automotive fan motor as an example.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.secwr.t68350043
EISBN: 978-1-62708-315-7
... treatments. More detailed information on the science and technology of friction, wear, and lubrication—known as tribology —can be found in Friction , Lubrication , and Wear Technology , Volume 18 of the ASM Handbook. Friction Friction is the resistance to motion when two bodies in contact...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the basic principles of friction and the factors that must be considered when determining its effect on moving bodies in contact. It provides an extensive amount of friction data, including static and kinetic friction coefficients for numerous combinations of engineering materials and coatings. It also describes the causes and effects of the most common forms of wear, the conditions under which they occur, the role of lubrication, and wear testing methods.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480353
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
... and its alloys exhibited resistance to corrosion and erosion from a wide range of industrial chemicals, natural waters, and gases. This corrosion and erosion resistance resulted the use of titanium in myriad nonaerospace industrial, commercial, and medical applications. Material Availability...
Abstract
This chapter describes the applications with the greatest impact on titanium consumption and global market trends. It explains where, how, and why titanium alloys are used in aerospace, automotive, chemical processing, medical, and military applications as well as power generating equipment, sporting goods, oil and gas production, and marine vessels.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300179
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... matrix can be selectively hardened to 60 HRC and achieve abrasion resistance similar to 01 tool steel. Selective hardening can be done by flame, electron beam, laser, induction, and so forth. Thus, cast irons have significant applicability for solving abrasion problems. 7.10 Erosion Liquid Cast...
Abstract
This chapter covers the friction and wear behaviors of cast irons. It describes the microstructure and metallurgy of gray, white, malleable, and ductile cast irons, their respective tensile properties, and their suitability for applications involving friction, various types of erosion, and adhesive and abrasive wear.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.secwr.t68350125
EISBN: 978-1-62708-315-7
... most galvanized product is joined in this manner. Zinc coatings reduce the life of welding electrodes because the copper electrode alloys with zinc. This effect leads to higher resistance, localized heating, and increased pitting and erosion of the electrode tip. As a result, manufacturing costs...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the use of coating methods and materials and their impact on corrosion and wear behaviors. It provides detailed engineering information on a wide range of processes, including organic, ceramic, and hot dip coating, metal plating and cladding, and the use of weld overlays, thermal spraying, and various deposition technologies.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cub.t66910099
EISBN: 978-1-62708-250-1
... corrosion; galvanic corrosion; erosion-corrosion, including cavitation erosion and fretting corrosion; intergranular corrosion, including sensitization and exfoliation; dealloying; environmentally assisted cracking, including stress-corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and hydrogen damage (including...
Abstract
Corrosion problems can be divided into eight categories based on the appearance of the corrosion damage or the mechanism of attack: uniform or general corrosion; pitting corrosion; crevice corrosion, including corrosion under tubercles or deposits, filiform corrosion, and poultice corrosion; galvanic corrosion; erosion-corrosion, including cavitation erosion and fretting corrosion; intergranular corrosion, including sensitization and exfoliation; dealloying; environmentally assisted cracking, including stress-corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and hydrogen damage (including hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen-induced blistering, high-temperature hydrogen attack, and hydride formation). All these forms are addressed in this chapter in the context of aqueous corrosion. For each form, a general description is provided along with information on the causes and the list of metals that can be affected, with particular emphasis on the recognition and prevention measures.
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