Search Results for electroless plating

This appendix lists plating solutions and procedures used in metallographic edge preparation.

Organic coatings (paints and plastic or rubber linings), metallic coatings, and nonmetallic inorganic coatings (conversion coatings, cements, ceramics, and glasses) are used in applications requiring corrosion protection. These coatings and linings may protect substrates by three basic mechanisms: barrier protection, chemical inhibition, and galvanic (sacrificial) protection. This chapter begins with a section on organic coating and linings, providing a detailed account of the steps involved in the coating process, namely, design and selection, surface preparation, application, and inspection and quality assurance. The next section discusses the methods by which metals, and in some cases their alloys, can be applied to almost all other metals and alloys: electroplating, electroless plating, hot dipping, thermal spraying, cladding, pack cementation, vapor deposition, ion implantation, and laser processing. The last section focuses on nonmetallic inorganic coatings including ceramic coating materials, conversion coatings, and anodized coatings.

This chapter compares and contrasts surface-engineering processes based on process availability, corrosion and wear performance, distortion effects, penetration depth or attainable coating thickness, and cost. It provides both quantitative and qualitative information as well as measured property values.

This chapter provides helpful guidelines for selecting a surface treatment for a given application. It identifies important design factors and applicable treatments for common design scenarios, materials, and operating conditions. It explains why heat treatments and finishing operations may be required before or after processing and how to estimate or predict coating thickness, case depth, hardness, and the likelihood of distortion. It also addresses related issues and considerations such as part handling and fixturing, surface preparation and cleaning requirements, processability, aesthetics, and the influence of design features.

This chapter discusses the use of coating methods and materials and their impact on corrosion and wear behaviors. It provides detailed engineering information on a wide range of processes, including organic, ceramic, and hot dip coating, metal plating and cladding, and the use of weld overlays, thermal spraying, and various deposition technologies.

This chapter covers a wide range of finishing and coating operations, including cleaning, honing, polishing and buffing, and lapping. It discusses the use of rust-preventative compounds, conversion coatings, and plating metals as well as weld overlay, thermal spray, and ceramic coatings and various pack cementation and deposition processes. It also discusses the selection and use of industrial paints and paint application methods.

This chapter begins with a brief review of the different types of surface treatments and coatings used in industry and their effect on properties and performance. It then discusses the importance of corrosion and wear treatments and the consequences of failing to properly implement them in critical industries such as mining, energy production, transportation, and mineral and chemical processing. The chapter also describes basic approaches to dealing with corrosion and wear in steel.

This chapter covers coatings and treatments that are used to improve the friction and wear behaviors of materials. It describes modifications that work by hardening contacting surfaces, including heat treating, vacuum coating, thermal spray, and plating, and those that separate or lubricate surfaces, including solid film, chemical conversion, and vacuum coatings, surface oiling and texturing, and lubricating platings. It compares and contrasts methods based on thickness and depth and their relative effect on friction, erosion, and wear.

This appendix is a compilation of tables helpful to metallographers in characterizing irons and steels. The tables include AISI/SAE designations and specific composition ranges for various steels and irons, listings of companies that sell metallographic equipment and supplies, and compositions and usage guidance for etchants, chemical polishing solutions, and coatings.

This chapter discusses corrosion prevention methods used with aluminum and its alloys. The methods range from relatively straightforward measures, such as proper handling and storage, to advanced early warning corrosion monitoring systems for military aircraft. The chapter summarizes the basic factors that influence design for corrosion resistance and discusses the use of conversion coatings, organic coatings, porcelain enameling, and electroplating. It also discusses corrosion monitoring methods used in chemical processing and refining industries.

This chapter considers the materials and processing aspects of soldering and the manner in which these interrelate in the development of joining processes. It discusses the processes involved in eliminating or suppressing metallurgical and mechanical constraints as well as constraints imposed by the components.

This chapter considers the role of materials in brazing operations and the manner in which they impact on the choice of processing conditions and their optimization. The concepts covered are metallurgical and mechanical constraints, and constraints imposed by the components and their solutions as well as service environment considerations.

This chapter instructs the metallographer on the basic skills required to prepare a polished metallographic specimen. It is organized in a chronological sequence starting with the information-gathering process on the material being investigated, then moving on to sectioning, mounting, grinding, and polishing processes, and ending with methods used to properly store metallographic specimens. The discussion covers the preparation procedures, the materials being investigated, and equipment used to perform these procedures.

This chapter is a compilation of terms and definitions related to surface engineering for corrosion and wear resistance.

This chapter presents various case histories that illustrate a variety of failure mechanisms experienced by the high-strength steel components in aerospace applications. The components covered are catapult holdback bar, AISI 420 stainless steel roll pin, main landing gear (MLG) lever, inboard flap hinge bolt, nose landing gear piston axle, multiple-leg aircraft-handling sling, aircraft hoist sling, internal spur gear, and MLG axle. In addition, the chapter provides information on full-scale fatigue testing, nondestructive testing, and failure analysis of fin attach bolts.

This chapter explains how to prepare metallographic samples for light microscopy and how to anticipate and avoid related problems. It describes standard practices and procedures for sectioning, mounting, grinding, and polishing and identifies common defects along with their causes and cures. It also provides recommendations for handling specific materials and addresses safety concerns.

This chapter discusses coating technologies that are applicable to beryllium, including physical and chemical vapor deposition, thermal evaporation, electroplating, sputtering, ion plating, and plasma arc spraying. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the effect of temperature, pressure, and other process variables on the microstructures and properties developed.