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elastomers
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300301
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... Abstract This chapter covers the friction and wear behaviors of plastics and elastomers. It begins by describing the molecular differences between the two types of polymers and their typical uses. It then discusses the important attributes of engineering plastics and their suitability...
Abstract
This chapter covers the friction and wear behaviors of plastics and elastomers. It begins by describing the molecular differences between the two types of polymers and their typical uses. It then discusses the important attributes of engineering plastics and their suitability for applications involving friction, erosion, and adhesive and abrasive wear. It also discusses the tribology of elastomers and rubber along with their basic differences and the conditions under which they produce Schallamach waves. It includes information on polymer composites as well.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htpa.t53310119
EISBN: 978-1-62708-346-1
... Abstract This chapter reviews the tests and procedures used for measuring hardness of plastics and elastomers. The conventional testing methods (Rockwell, Vickers, Brinell, and Knoop) used for testing of metals are based on the idea that hardness represents the resistance against permanent...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the tests and procedures used for measuring hardness of plastics and elastomers. The conventional testing methods (Rockwell, Vickers, Brinell, and Knoop) used for testing of metals are based on the idea that hardness represents the resistance against permanent plastic deformation of the material to be tested. However, elastic deformation must be considered in hardness measurement of elastomers. This chapter discusses the equipment and processes involved in the durometer (Shore) test, the International Rubber Hardness Degree test, and other specialized tests. It presents the criteria that can be used to select a suitable hardness testing method for elastomers or plastics and describes processes involved in specimen preparation and equipment calibration.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.t51060155
EISBN: 978-1-62708-355-3
... Abstract Elastomers comprise a subclass of polymers that display the ability to stretch and recover that is typical of a rubber band. This chapter describes the properties determined by tensile testing of elastomers and the factors influencing them, namely, structuring of the molecular matrix...
Abstract
Elastomers comprise a subclass of polymers that display the ability to stretch and recover that is typical of a rubber band. This chapter describes the properties determined by tensile testing of elastomers and the factors influencing them, namely, structuring of the molecular matrix, compounding, specimen preparation, specimen type, vulcanization parameters, and temperature. The chapter also provides information on ASTM D 412, the most widely referenced standard for determining the tensile properties of elastomers.
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in Materials Testing Fundamentals
> Mechanical Properties: Key Topics in Materials Science and Engineering
Published: 15 June 2021
Fig. 8 Pneumatic grips for soft polymers and elastomers
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Published: 01 January 2022
Fig. 12.101 Draft gear with elastomers assembled. Source: Ref 36 . Courtesy of Miner Enterprises, Inc.
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Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 6 Classification of the processes of friction leading to wear for elastomers (adapted from Ref 23 ). The diagram clarifies the role of friction in determining the wear mechanism for elastomeric polymers.
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 1 Tensile-test curves for five different elastomer compounds
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in Mechanical Testing and Properties of Plastics: An Introduction[1]
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 21 Typical stress-strain curves for a fiber, a plastic, and an elastomer. Source: Ref 20
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in Mechanical Testing and Properties of Plastics: An Introduction[1]
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 22 Tensile test curves for five different elastomer compounds
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Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 5 Waves of detachment when an elastomer is slid against a hard and smooth surface. The rubber moves forward in the form of ripples of wave on its contact surface with a smooth and hard counterface. These so-called waves of detachment can produce wear in the form of rolls of detached
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Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 7 Damage created on the surface of an elastomer by isolated stress concentration. (a) Surface deformation pattern when a sharp needle or conical indentor with acute angle is slid on the surface of an elastomer. The elastomer surface is pulled in the direction of motion and fails
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Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 41 Steel fixture for thin elastomer samples, e.g., for the IRHD-M method. Courtesy of Bareiss Prüfgerätebau GmbH
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Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 19 Typical stress-strain curve for a fiber, plastic, and elastomer
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780185
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
... analyses of viscoelastic plastics are briefly described. The discussion covers the most commonly used tests for impact performance, various types of hardness test for plastics, the fatigue strength of viscoelastic materials, and the tension testing of elastomers and fibers. creep testing dynamic...
Abstract
This article briefly introduces some commonly used methods of mechanical testing of plastics for determining mechanical properties, also describing the test methods and providing comparative data for the mechanical property tests. In addition, creep testing and dynamic mechanical analyses of viscoelastic plastics are briefly described. The discussion covers the most commonly used tests for impact performance, various types of hardness test for plastics, the fatigue strength of viscoelastic materials, and the tension testing of elastomers and fibers.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780267
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
... by providing information on the processes involved in interfacial and cohesive wear. This is followed by sections describing the wear process and applications of elastomers, thermosets, glassy thermoplastics, and semicrystalline thermoplastics. The effects of environmental and lubricant on the wear failures...
Abstract
This article provides details on several of the classifications of polymer wear mechanisms, using wear data and micrographs from published works. The primary goals are to present the mechanisms of polymer wear and to quantify wear in terms of wear rate. The discussion begins by providing information on the processes involved in interfacial and cohesive wear. This is followed by sections describing the wear process and applications of elastomers, thermosets, glassy thermoplastics, and semicrystalline thermoplastics. The effects of environmental and lubricant on the wear failures of polymers are then discussed. The article further includes a case study describing the tribological performance of nylon. It ends by presenting some examples of wear failures of plastics.
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Published: 01 October 2012
Fig. 12.1 Strength, σ f , plotted against density, ρ, for various engineering materials. Strength is yield strength for metals and polymers, compressive strength for ceramics, tear strength for elastomers, and tensile strength for composites. Source: Ref 12.2
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 2 Strength, σ f , plotted against density, ρ, for various engineered materials. Strength is yield strength for metals and polymers, compressive strength for ceramics, tear strength for elastomers, and tensile strength for composites. Superimposing a line of constant σ f /ρ enables
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Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 17.3 Elastic modulus vs. tensile yield strength of metals and polymers. The plot of ceramic strength is their compressive yield strength, because brittle ceramics are not suitable in applications with tensile stress. Elastomer strength is tear strength. The symbol σ f is used
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300421
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
.... They have the highest elastic modulus and compressive strength of tool material competitors, and this makes them outperform most other tribomaterials for abrasive wear and cutting tool applications. 15.13 Plastics and Elastomers Thousands of different plastics have evolved since plastics started...
Abstract
This chapter provides guidelines and insights on the selection of materials, coatings, and treatments for friction and wear applications. It begins with a review of the system nature of tribological effects, the subtleties of friction, and the selection idiosyncrasies of the material systems and lubricants covered in prior chapters. It then presents a systematic approach for selecting tribomaterials, using an automotive fan motor as an example.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... paper. The other test webs were exploratory, and the results show that two potential new products, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and PVD-coated PET, demonstrated much higher COF. The results on the elastomer and plasticized vinyl were anticipated. Plasticized PVC (as in black electrical tape) usually...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the effect of friction in the context of design. It explains how friction coefficients are determined and how they are used to make sizing and selection decisions. It covers practical issues associated with rolling friction, the use of lubricants, and the tribology of metal, ceramic, and polymer surfaces in contact. It also discusses the nature of rolling friction and provides helpful design guidelines.
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