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ductile cast iron
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Image
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 16.11 Microstructures of ductile cast iron (top) and malleable cast iron (bottom). Source: Ref 16.9
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Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 17.79 (a) Ductile fracture and (b) brittle fracture in ductile cast iron. SE, SEM. Not etched. The aspect of graphite and its role in the fracture process are evident. Courtesy of J. Sertucha, Azterlan, Centro de Investigacion Metalurgica, Durango, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Image
in Solidification, Segregation, and Nonmetallic Inclusions
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 8.18 (a) Primary austenite dendrites in a pore of a sample of ductile cast iron. (b) Grains of the austenite-spheroidal graphite in the same pore. Some regions show graphite not completely surrounded by austenite. SEM, SE, no etching. (See also Chapter 17, “Cast Irons,” in this book
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 17.78 (a) and (b) Aspect of nodular graphite in ductile cast iron subjected to deep etching. Some of the nodules have been sectioned in the original metallography, before deep etching. SE, SEM. (c) Tridimensional reconstruction of nodular graphite in ductile cast iron. Cuts were made
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Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 17.80 Ductile cast iron. Graphite nodules. Not etched. Courtesy of W. Guesser, Tupy Fundições, Joinville, SC, Brazil.
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Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 17.82 Ductile cast iron, annealed (3.9% C, 2.9% Si, 0.32% Mn, 0.06% P, 0.037% Mg, 1.5% Ni, 0.57% Cu). The etchant reveals silicon segregation. Silicon content decreases as the distance from the graphite nodule increases. The etchant is composed of 28 g sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 4 g picric
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Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 17.83 Ductile cast iron with ferritic matrix. Etchant: nital. Courtesy of J. Sertucha, Azterlan, Centro de Investigacion Metalurgica, Durango, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 17.86 Ductile cast iron with (a) pearlitic and (b) martensitic matrix. Etchant: nital. Courtesy of J. Sertucha, Azterlan, Centro de Investigacion Metalurgica, Durango, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 17.90 Ductile cast iron subjected to surface hardening. Graphite, martensite, and retained austenite. Camshaft. HRC 56. Etchant: nital. Courtesy of W. Guesser, Tupy Fundições, Joinville, SC, Brazil.
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Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 17.91 (a,b) Austempered ductile cast iron. Beraha etchant is effective in the metallography of these alloys.
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Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 17.93 Microporosity in ductile cast iron. (a) Not etched. (b) SE, SEM. Graphite nodules and the dendritic structure can be seen. Courtesy of J. Sertucha, Azterlan, Centro de Investigacion Metalurgica, Durango, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Image
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 16.12 Ductile cast iron with a matrix that is predominantly ferrite. Original magnification: 250×
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Image
in Introduction to Steels and Cast Irons
> Metallographer’s Guide<subtitle>Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels</subtitle>
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 1.31 Micrograph of an austempered ductile cast iron showing a microstructure consisting of bainite (acicular constituent) and graphite nodules (dark gray constituent). Etched in 2% nital. 500×
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in The Metallographer and the Metallographic Laboratory
> Metallographer’s Guide<subtitle>Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels</subtitle>
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 4.23 Representative micrographs of ferrite-pearlite ductile cast iron test block 1. (a) Note the ferrite halo around the graphite nodules. The matrix is pearlite. 4% picral etch. 100×. (b) Same specimen unetched to compare with ASTM A 247, plate III, in Fig. 4.22 . 100×
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Image
Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 7.12 Ductile cast iron. The spheroids are graphite and the white areas are ferrite. Source: Ref 7.6
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Published: 31 December 2020
Fig. 14 Effect of austempering temperature on yield strength of ductile cast iron. Courtesy J. Keough, Applied Process Inc. Source: Ref 3
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Published: 01 June 2008
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 17.85 Ductile cast irons with ferrite plus pearlite matrixes, with different volume fractions of ferrite. The ferrite is formed preferentially around the graphite nodules. Decreasing the ferrite volume fraction increases the strength, as in the case of steels. Courtesy of J. Sertucha
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
... Abstract Ductile iron has far superior mechanical properties compared to gray iron as well as significantly improved castability and attractive cost savings compared to cast steel. This chapter begins with information on graphite morphology and matrix type. It then discusses the advantages...
Abstract
Ductile iron has far superior mechanical properties compared to gray iron as well as significantly improved castability and attractive cost savings compared to cast steel. This chapter begins with information on graphite morphology and matrix type. It then discusses the advantages and applications of ductile iron. Next, the effects of various factors on the grades, chemistry, matrix, and mechanical properties of ductile iron are covered. This is followed by a section detailing the ductile iron treatment methods and the quality control methods used. Guidelines for gating and feeder design are then provided. Further, the chapter addresses the technology of ductile iron castings, including the performance and geometric attributes, molding and core-making processes used, material grades, mechanical properties, and chemical compositions of a few applications. Finally, it describes ductile iron casting defects and presents practical cases of problem-solving.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320195
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
... ADI more widely and with improved success. austemperability austempered ductile iron austempering austenitizing iron castings retained austenite tensile properties UNLIKE CONVENTIONAL QUENCH and temper heat treatment, austempering is an iron and steel heat-treatment process...
Abstract
Unlike conventional quench and temper heat treatment, austempering is an iron and steel heat-treatment process that enhances mechanical properties through the isothermal transformation of austenite with a minimum amount of quenching stresses. This chapter begins with a discussion of austemperability requirements. Then outlines of austenitizing and austempering cycles and resultant microstructures are presented. This is followed by sections discussing the mechanical properties, advantages, limitations, machinability, process variants, and applications of austempered ductile iron (ADI). Information on the growth of premachined ADI components is also provided. Further, the chapter describes two slightly different systems for austempering: atmospheric-salt and salt-salt systems. Finally, it presents general guidelines for component designers, casting manufacturers, and heat treaters to apply ADI more widely and with improved success.
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