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drawn wires
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Image
Published: 01 April 2013
Fig. 7 Principle of ultrasonic flaw detection for cold drawn wires using three detection mode probes. Source: Ref 2
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Image
in High-Carbon Steels—Fully Pearlitic Microstructures and Wire and Rail Applications
> Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 15.9 Tensile strength as a function of wire diameter for patented and drawn wires in steels with pearlitic microstructures. Source: Ref 15.30 . References to the investigations noted are given in Ref 15.30 .
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Image
in Metallographic Technique—Electron Microscopy and Other Advanced Techniques
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 6.10 Atom probe tomography results of pearlitic steel wires cold drawn to different strains (indicated in the pictures). 3D carbon atom maps parallel and transverse to the wire drawing direction are shown. Dots are carbon atoms. Carbon iso-concentration surfaces 7 at.% are shown. Figure
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410315
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
... and drawn wires. aging delamination drawn wires fracture galvanizing patented wires pearlite rail applications rail steel torsional deformation wire applications THE TRANSFORMATION OF AUSTENITE to pearlite has been described in Chapter 4, “Pearlite, Ferrite, and Cementite...
Abstract
This chapter describes the mechanical properties of fully pearlitic microstructures and their suitability for wire and rail applications. It begins by describing the ever-increasing demands placed on rail steels and the manufacturing methods that have been developed in response. It then explains how wire drawing, patenting, and the Stelmor process affect microstructure, and describes various fracture mechanisms and how they appear on steel wire fracture surfaces. The chapter concludes by discussing the effects of torsional deformation, delamination, galvanizing, and aging on patented and drawn wires.
Image
Published: 01 April 2013
Fig. 13 Plot of eddy current signal output versus flaw depth to measure detectability of flaws, specifically cracks (open circles) and scabs (closed circles), in cold drawn wires. Source: Ref 2
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.imub.t53720321
EISBN: 978-1-62708-305-8
... in circumferential direction Marker Two for near-surface flaw and inside flaw Source: Ref 2 Ultrasonic Flaw Detection on Cold Drawn Wires Surface flaw inspection is important for drawn wires. A rotation type eddy current flaw detection system is used for quality assurance. For drawn wires...
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the inspection of steel bars for the detection and evaluation of flaws. The principles involved also apply, for the most part, to the inspection of steel wire. The nondestructive inspection methods discussed include magnetic particle inspection, liquid penetrant inspection, ultrasonic inspection, and electromagnetic inspection. Eddy current and magnetic permeability are also covered.
Image
in Mechanical Work of Steels—Cold Working
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 12.37 Longitudinal cross section of a AISI 1006 steel wire cold drawn from 5.5 to 1.15 mm (0.2 to 0.06 in.) diameter. (a) As drawn (cold worked), hardness 249 HV 100 gf. (b) Annealed, hardness 135 HV 100 gf. The hardness impressions, performed with the same load, are visible
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Image
in High-Carbon Steels—Fully Pearlitic Microstructures and Wire and Rail Applications
> Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 15.8 Tensile strength as a function of wire diameter for patented and drawn pearlitic hypereutectoid steel wires. Source: Ref 15.29
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Image
in High-Carbon Steels—Fully Pearlitic Microstructures and Wire and Rail Applications
> Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance
Published: 01 January 2015
Image
Published: 01 August 1999
Fig. 6.13 (Part 1) Patented wires. (a) to (d) 0.6% C (0.59C-0.06Si-0.67Mn, wt%). (a) Air quenched. 260 HV. Picral. 500×. (b) Air quenched; drawn to 85% reduction in area. 450 HV. Picral. 2000×. (c) Lead quenched to 500 °C. 300 HV. Picral. 500×. (d) Lead quenched to 500 °C; drawn
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Image
in High-Carbon Steels—Fully Pearlitic Microstructures and Wire and Rail Applications
> Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 15.13 Schematic diagram of a length of wire showing orientations of shear stresses produced during torsion and a longitudinal shear band that may lead to delamination fracture of patented and drawn pearlitic wires. Source: Ref 15.47
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Image
in Mechanical Work of Steels—Cold Working
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 12.36 Longitudinal cross section of a AISI 1006 steel wire with diameter of 1.15 mm (0.05 in.) (a) As drawn (cold worked). (b) Annealed. Etchant: nital 2%. Courtesy of ArcelorMittal Aços Longos, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170520
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
..., copper alloys such as brasses are the largest zinc consumers. Rolled zinc is the principal form in which wrought zinc alloys are supplied, although drawn zinc wire for thermal spraying (metallizing) is used increasingly often. In the zinc-chemical category, zinc oxide is the major compound. Cast...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230295
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
.... beryllium extrusion forging formability forming rolling spinning wire drawing THIS CHAPTER COVERS various metalworking methods used to manufacture a beryllium product, including rolling, forming, forging, extrusion, wire drawing, spinning, and near-net shape forming. The method normally used...
Abstract
The vast majority of beryllium products are manufactured from blocks, forms, or billets of compacted powder that are machined or worked into shape. This chapter describes the metalworking processes used, including rolling, forming, forging, extrusion, drawing, and spinning. It covers the qualitative and quantitative aspects of each process and provides examples showing how they are implemented and the results that can be achieved. The chapter also discusses the issue of beryllium’s low formability and describes some of the advancements that have been made in near-net shape processing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.msisep.t59220403
EISBN: 978-1-62708-259-4
... the deformation of ferrite that resulted from the drawing operation. Etchant: nital 2%. Courtesy of ArcelorMittal Aços Longos, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Figures 12.36 and 12.37 compare the microstructures of AISI 1006 wires as cold drawn and annealed. The striking differences in the microstructure...
Abstract
With cold work, mechanical strength (measured either by yield strength or ultimate tensile strength) increases and ductility (measured by elongation, reduction of area, or fracture toughness) normally decreases. This chapter discusses the mechanisms that produce these changes and the factors that influence them. It explains how cold working increases dislocation density and how that affects the stress-strain characteristics of steel, particularly the onset of deformation. It describes the effects of deformation on ferrite, austenite, cementite, and pearlite, and how to optimize their microstructure for various applications through controlled deformation. It also provides information on subcritical annealing, the examination and control of texture, the use of optical microscopy to monitor the effects of recrystallization, and the effect of cold working on threaded fasteners, nails, and filaments used to manufacture cords.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smnm.t52140001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-264-8
..., the basic building blocks are the individual atoms of the metal, that is, iron (Fe) atoms in a bar of iron or copper (Cu) atoms in copper wire. Each one of the grains in Fig. 1.1 is what is called a crystal. In a crystal made up of atoms, all of the atoms are uniformly arranged on layers. As shown in Fig...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmcs.t66560125
EISBN: 978-1-62708-291-4
... with proeutectoid ferrite and cementite. It explains how ferrite and pearlite respond to deformation and how related features such as slip lines, dislocations, shear bands, and kinking can be detected as well as what they reveal. It also describes the structure of patented wires, cast steels, and sintered steels...
Abstract
This chapter examines the microstructure and properties of annealed and normalized steels containing more than 0.25% carbon. It shows, using detailed micrographs, how incrementally higher levels of carbon affect the structure and distribution of pearlite and how it intermingles with proeutectoid ferrite and cementite. It explains how ferrite and pearlite respond to deformation and how related features such as slip lines, dislocations, shear bands, and kinking can be detected as well as what they reveal. It also describes the structure of patented wires, cast steels, and sintered steels and the morphology of manganese sulfide inclusions in castings.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480207
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
...° are usually used for die drawing, with draw benches or bull blocks supplying the drawing force. Commercially pure titanium wire is drawn at room temperature, while the alloy grades are often drawn warm at temperatures between 540 and 650 °C (1000 and 1200 °F). In either case, adequate lubrication...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240349
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... sections shaped like an “H,” “I,” “U,” or a “T.” Bars can have cross sections in the shape of squares, rectangles, circles, hexagons, and angles. Rod is coiled and drawn into wire or fabricated into products used to reinforce concrete buildings. Other types of long product include railway rails and piling...
Abstract
This chapter discusses various processes involved in the production of steel from raw materials to finished mill products. The processes include hot rolling, cold rolling, forging, extruding, or drawing. The chapter provides a detailed description of two main furnaces used for making steel: the electric arc furnace and the basic oxygen furnace. It also provides information on the classification and specifications for various steels, namely, plain carbon steels, low-carbon steels, medium-carbon plain carbon steels, and high-carbon plain carbon steels. The chapter concludes with a general overview of the factors influencing corrosion in iron and steel and a brief discussion of corrosion-resistant coatings.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120143
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... datasheets Abbreviation Definition Aged Aged AH Age hardened Ann Annealed Apps Applications As Weld As welded Auto Automotive Ave Average Bar Bar Bil Billet Cast Casting/Cast CD Cold drawn Centrif Centrifugal CF Cold finished/formed Conds...
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