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directed-energy deposition
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Image
in Additive Manufacturing—History, Recent Developments, and Advancement
> Powder Metallurgy and Additive Manufacturing: Fundamentals and Advancements
Published: 30 September 2024
Image
in Comparison of Additive Manufacturing and Powder Metallurgy Methods and Their Components
> Powder Metallurgy and Additive Manufacturing: Fundamentals and Advancements
Published: 30 September 2024
Fig. 11.1 Schematics of different additive manufacturing variants. (a) Laser powder-bed fusion. (b) Laser directed-energy deposition. (c) Electron beam directed-energy deposition. CCD, charge-coupled device. (d) Gas metal arc directed-energy deposition. (e) Ultrasonic additive manufacturing
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Image
in Comparison of Additive Manufacturing and Powder Metallurgy Methods and Their Components
> Powder Metallurgy and Additive Manufacturing: Fundamentals and Advancements
Published: 30 September 2024
Fig. 11.6 Microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V fabricated through laser directed-energy deposition (DED-L) showing (a) a mixed microstructure of fine, lamellar Widmanstätten structure and α phase in prior-β grains, and (b) only α′ martensite formed due to slow and fast cooling rates, respectively
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400391
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... manufacturing DDPM dual-drive planetary mill DED directed-energy deposition DLF directed-light fabrication DLP digital light processing DLW direct laser writing DMD direct metal deposition DMLS direct metal laser sintering DoD drop-on-demand DSC differential scanning...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400247
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... major types: powder-bed fusion, directed-energy deposition, and solid-state AM. Powder-Bed Fusion In powder-bed fusion (PBF), a high-energy power source is focused toward selective locations of the thin layer of powder spread over a substrate (powder bed) to locally melt and sinter the powder...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400207
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... Abstract This chapter gives a brief review of the development of additive manufacturing (AM) and the appeal of different of different AM methods. binder jetting directed energy deposition material extrusion material jetting photopolymerization powder bed fusion selective laser...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400277
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... photopolymerization Directed-energy deposition Material extrusion Sheet lamination Powder-bed fusion Material jetting Binder jetting Rapid prototyping of complex structures and devices using 3D printing has demonstrated superior advantages that can enhance and control accuracy and speed...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the advantages and limitations of 3D printing technology for the production of batteries and supercapacitors. It explains how 3D printing methods facilitate the build of microdevices with hierarchical nanoarchitectures and controlled microstructure. It also reviews recent progress in fabricating electrodes and electrolytes using 3D-printed functional materials.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230361
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
... investigative effort, especially in more recent years, was and is still directed toward repairing the plasma-facing components in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor. Such studies involved the use of several different physical vapor deposition methods. Another...
Abstract
This chapter discusses coating technologies that are applicable to beryllium, including physical and chemical vapor deposition, thermal evaporation, electroplating, sputtering, ion plating, and plasma arc spraying. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the effect of temperature, pressure, and other process variables on the microstructures and properties developed.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tstap.t56040020
EISBN: 978-1-62708-428-4
... is suitable for the deposition of oxygen- and temperature-sensitive materials and can produce thick coatings exhibiting wrought-like microstructures with near theoretical density. Cold spray is being used in the military and in aerospace and energy industry applications. The main research priorities...
Abstract
This article summarizes the results of work completed by the ASM Thermal Spray Society Advisory Committee to identify key research challenges and opportunities in the thermal spray field. It describes and prioritizes research priorities related to emerging process methods, thermal spray markets and applications, and process robustness, reliability, and economics.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... directions there is destructive interference (i.e., the combining waves are out of phase and there is no net energy exiting the atom). However, the atoms in a crystal are arranged in a regular pattern that forms an ordered array. In such an ordered array of atoms, there are planes of high atomic density (i.e...
Abstract
This chapter describes some of the most effective tools for investigating boiler tube failures, including scanning electron microscopy, optical emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It explains how the tools work and what they reveal. It also covers the topic of image analysis and its application in the measurement of grain size, phase/volume fraction, delta ferrite and retained austenite, inclusion rating, depth of carburization/decarburization, scale thickness, pearlite banding, microhardness, and hardness profiles. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion on the effect of scaling and deposition and how to measure it.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410551
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
... layer or coating, deposited on a substrate by another technique, is subjected to a high-energy ion beam, as shown schematically in Fig. 22.5 ( Ref 22.14 ). Ions are deposited and transmitted through the coating and into the substrate, producing the same changes produced by direct ion implantation...
Abstract
This chapter describes surface modification processes that go beyond conventional heat treatments, including plasma nitriding, plasma carburizing, low-pressure carburizing, ion implantation, physical and chemical vapor deposition, salt bath coating, and transformation hardening via high-energy laser and electron beams. The chapter compares methods and includes several example applications.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hpcspa.t54460017
EISBN: 978-1-62708-285-3
... the critical velocity ( v crit ), particular thermomechanical conditions are reached, under which material can be deposited as a result of high-kinetic-energy impacts. It is shown later how this critical velocity depends on material strength, density, melting temperature, heat capacity, and impact temperature...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the current understanding of high-pressure cold spraying for different materials, covering widely accepted general mechanisms for particle deposition and the processes and parameters involved. It begins by reviewing the mechanisms of bonding. An overview of the optimization of the critical process parameters for improving coating qualities is then provided. This is followed by a separate section dealing with bonding between different materials and addressing influences on adhesion to the substrate as well as the cohesion between dissimilar coating constituents. The knowledge of the basic science and mechanisms finally allows for discussion on the requirements for suitable cold spray equipment and of the parameter sets needed for successful coating deposition.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110351
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... to be due to channeling of the Ga+ in certain orientations [34] ; the denser packed (111) crystal plane results in the energy deposition near the surface and thus increased sputtering over the more open planes. This is of particular concern when milling through power planes or bus lines to expose...
Abstract
Circuit edit has been instrumental to the development of focused ion beam (FIB) systems. FIB tools for advanced circuit edit play a major role in the validation of design and manufacture. This chapter begins with an overview of value, role, and unique capabilities of FIB circuit edit tools for first silicon debug. The etching capabilities of circuit edit FIB tools are then discussed, providing information on chemistry assisted etching in silicon oxides and low-k dielectrics. The chapter also discusses the requirements and procedures involved in edit operation: high aspect ratio milling, endpointing, and cutting copper. It then provides an introduction to FIB metal/conductor deposition and FIB dielectric deposition. Edit design rules that can facilitate prototype production from first silicon are also provided. The chapter concludes with a discussion on future trends in circuit edit technology.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110461
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
..., the elastically (zero-loss) and inelastically (energy-loss) scattered electrons from the feature of interest in the sample are directed into a spectrometer attached to the bottom of the TEM column [5 , 40 - 42] . The spectrometer consists of a sector magnet and a detection system. The sector magnet deflects...
Abstract
The ultimate goal of the failure analysis process is to find physical evidence that can identify the root cause of the failure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has emerged as a powerful tool to characterize subtle defects. This article discusses the sample preparation procedures based on focused ion beam milling used for TEM sample preparation. It describes the principles behind commonly used imaging modes in semiconductor failure analysis and how these operation modes can be utilized to selectively maximize signal from specific beam-specimen interactions to generate useful information about the defect. Various elemental analysis techniques, namely energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and energy-filtered TEM, are described using examples encountered in failure analysis. The origin of different image contrast mechanisms, their interpretation, and analytical techniques for composition analysis are discussed. The article also provides information on the use of off-axis electron holography technique in failure analysis.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smff.t53400181
EISBN: 978-1-62708-316-4
... the pump(s) and motor(s) to be selected for the highest power requirement ( Ref 12.1 , 12.8 ). Fig. 12.10 Direct-drive circuit for a hydraulic press. Source: Ref 12.21 Direct-driven hydraulic presses can be more energy efficient than accumulator-driven presses because the pump supplies...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the design and operation of hydraulic presses. It begins by describing the role of each major component in a hydraulic system. It then explains the difference between pump-driven and accumulator-driven presses and the types of applications for which are suited. The chapter goes on to describe the load, energy, and time-dependent characteristics of hydraulic presses and the factors that determine accuracy. It also explains how hydraulic presses are used for deep drawing, fine blanking, and hydroforming as well as warm forming and hot stamping operations.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... ( 2010 ): C6F15 – C6F21 . 10.1116/1.3511509 [8] Shorubalko Ivan , Pillatsch Lex , and Utke Ivo . “ Direct–Write Milling and Deposition with Noble Gases. ” In Helium Ion Microscopy , 355 – 393 . Springer , 2016 . 10.1007/978-3-319-41990-9_15 [9] Castaldo Vincenzo...
Abstract
With the commercialization of heavier and lighter ion beams, adoption of focused ion beam (FIB) use for analysis of challenging regions of interest (ROI) has grown. In this chapter, the authors focus on highlighting commercially available and complementary FIB technologies and their implementation challenges and application trends.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.9781627082822
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.t55030380
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
.... Resin polymerized from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, or acrylonitrile. activation. The changing of a passive surface of a metal to a chemically active state. Contrast with passivation. active. The negative direction of electrode potential. Also used to describe corrosion and its...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tstap.9781627084284
EISBN: 978-1-62708-428-4
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550569
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... Fracture energy, kJ/m 2 GPa 10 6 psi MPa ksi MPa ksi Graphite 10–15 1.46–2.17 40–60 5.8–8.7 110–200 16–29 0.01 Unidirectional C-C composite 120–150 17.4–21.7 600–700 87–101 500–800 72.5–116 1.4–2.0 Three-directional C-C composite 40–100 5.8–14.5 200–350 29–50.7 150...
Abstract
Ceramic-matrix composites possess many of the desirable qualities of monolithic ceramics, but are much tougher because of the reinforcements. This chapter explains how reinforcements are used in ceramic-matrix composites and how they alter energy-dissipating mechanisms and load-carrying behaviors. It compares the stress-strain curves for monolithic ceramics and ceramic-matrix composites, noting improvements afforded by the addition of reinforcements. It then goes on to discuss the key attributes, properties, and applications of discontinuously reinforced ceramic composites, continuous fiber ceramic composites, and carbon-carbon composites. It also describes a number of ceramic-matrix composite processing methods, including cold pressing and sintering, hot pressing, reaction bonding, directed metal oxidation, and liquid, vapor, and polymer infiltration.
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