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Book Chapter
Cold Spray Applications in the Defense Industry
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hpcspa.t54460227
EISBN: 978-1-62708-285-3
... Abstract High-pressure cold spray repair process has been used on a number of different applications in the defense industry. This chapter describes various applications for cold spray systems that have operating pressures greater than 2.4 MPa (350 psi) and operating temperatures greater than...
Abstract
High-pressure cold spray repair process has been used on a number of different applications in the defense industry. This chapter describes various applications for cold spray systems that have operating pressures greater than 2.4 MPa (350 psi) and operating temperatures greater than 500 deg C (930 deg F).
Book Chapter
The Unified Numbering System (UNS) for Metals and Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790235
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
.... Thomas Northrup, SAE staff John Artman, Defense Industrial Supply Center Lawrence H. Bennett, National Bureau of Standards Alvin G. Cook, Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp. Henry B. Fernald, Jr., technical consultant John Gadbut, International Nickel Co. Joseph M. Engel, Republic Steel Corp...
Abstract
This chapter presents the Unified Numbering System (UNS) for metals and alloys.
Book Chapter
The Integrated Steel Industry—1901 to 1959
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.t59250187
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
... and the continued need for a strong defense industry. New technologies such as the nuclear-powered Navy and the beginning of the nuclear power energy industry increased demand for steel. The auto industry was building more and heavier cars, and appliances became household necessities. In addition, for the first...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the formation and growth of various integrated steel companies from 1901 to 1959, namely the United States Steel Corporation, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, and a few of the notable smaller steel companies. The chapter discusses labor unrest and the growth of organized labor in the steel industry in the twentieth century.
Book Chapter
The Economic Contribution of Powder Metallurgy Industries, Associations, and Employment Opportunities
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400367
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... is the design and production of new materials necessary for national economic production and the development of industries such as the national defense industry. The CPMA also contributes to the national economy by providing technological development, research, and production of high-quality materials...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the economic importance of powder metallurgy in various countries, the types of jobs created, and the role of powder metallurgy associations around the world.
Book Chapter
Cold Spray Applications in Repair and Refurbishment for the Aerospace, Oil and Gas, and Power-Generation Industries
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hpcspa.t54460277
EISBN: 978-1-62708-285-3
... in the Defense Industry,” in this book. One of the successful applications for cold spray is in repair of magnesium alloy parts ( Ref 11.1 – 11.3 ) for U.S. Army and Navy aircraft components, such as fan blades, landing gears, transmission and gear box housing for rotorcraft, and advanced fixed-wing...
Abstract
This chapter focuses on high-pressure cold spray applications pertaining to repair and refurbishment in the aerospace, oil and gas, and power-generation industries, the last specifically involving repair of gas turbine components. Advantages of cold spray coating in the repair and refurbishment of structural engineering components are also discussed.
Book Chapter
Titanium—A New Metal for the Aerospace Age
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.t59250129
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
..., aircraft structures, and airborne equipment. It was thought that it could possibly replace both aluminum and steel in the design of many defense applications. Industrial uses would be based on its combination of properties, featuring light weight, corrosion resistance, and high strength. Enthusiasm...
Abstract
This chapter is a detailed account of the history of development of titanium and its modern applications in the aerospace market. It begins by discussing the attempts made to produce titanium metal. This is followed by a discussion on the invention of a process for making titanium by William Kroll. Various studies on the properties on titanium and research programs related to the production of titanium sponge and titanium metal products are then described. The chapter concludes with a discussion of titanium use in jet engines.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.9781627082877
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
Book Chapter
Introduction and Uses of Lightweight Materials
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... resistance, and transportation industries. Fiberglass-reinforced composite materials date back to the early 1940s in the defense industry, particularly for use in aerospace and naval applications. The U.S. Air Force and Navy capitalized on their high strength-to-weight ratio and inherent resistance...
Abstract
Engineers have many materials to choose from when dealing with weight-related design constraints. The list includes aluminum, beryllium, magnesium, and titanium alloys as well as engineering plastics, structural ceramics, and polymer-, metal-, and ceramic-matrix composites. This chapter provides a brief overview of these lightweight materials, discussing their primary advantages along with their properties, behaviors, and limitations.
Book Chapter
Listing of Selected Specification and Standardization Organizations
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120289
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
.... These standards are frequently used worldwide in industry and government procurement. The U.S. Department of Defense has adopted selected AMS specifications as MIL specs. AMS standards have been accepted as American National Standards. In some instances, non-U.S. agencies also have adopted AMS specifications...
Abstract
This appendix provides information on organizations that issue specifications and standards related to titanium and its alloys.
Book Chapter
Pioneers in Metals Research
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.t59250153
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
..., and as World War II approached, Battelle worked on many problems with the defense industries. FIG. 10.19 Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio. Source: Wikimedia Commons/Wiki Historian N OH. Hoyt broadened Battelle’s activities by using his experience in welding, steel quality...
Abstract
This chapter covers the biographies and literary and research work of pioneers in metals research, namely Henry Marion Howe, Albert Sauveur, Isaiah (Zay) Jeffries, Paul Dyer Merica, Edgar C. Bain, Samuel Leslie Hoyt, and Francis L. VerSnyder.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta2.t59410319
EISBN: 978-1-62708-482-6
... of the components in actual cars. This relatively new approach is currently being used to predict, optimize, design, and develop alloy systems in automotive, aerospace, and defense applications. 20.1 United States Department of Energy’s Project on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering In 2013...
Abstract
Integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) is a novel approach to design, develop, and deploy materials. This chapter presents ICME and the development of third generation advanced high-strength steels.
Book Chapter
Pedigree Analysis
Available to PurchaseBook: Systems Failure Analysis
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sfa.t52780075
EISBN: 978-1-62708-268-6
.... This is especially true in highly regulated industries, such as aerospace, defense, biomedical, cosmetics, and food manufacturers. These records are retained in the organization’s quality-assurance files and database. The failure analysis team should review these records for nonconformances, and the team should do...
Abstract
A product pedigree describes its design and how it was built and shows that it was built in accordance with the drawings and other documentation defining the product configuration. Evaluating the pedigree of a failed product can help to rule in or rule out hypothesized failure causes. This chapter describes various areas that can be examined by the failure analysis team to assess the pedigree of the failed system. If the failure analysis team suspects product pedigree anomalies it should confirm conformance through independent means.
Book Chapter
History of Beryllium
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230007
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
... the oxide to a 4 wt% Be-Cu master alloy; prepared beryllium-copper commercial alloys averaging approximately 2 wt% Be content; produced sheet, strip, wire, and rod; and fabricated various mill shapes, tools, and so on [ NSRB 1953 ]. Under the Defense Plant Corporation’s expansion program and fabricating...
Abstract
This chapter describes some of events and developments that helped drive the commercialization of beryllium and its acceptance as an engineering material. It traces the growth of the domestic beryllium industry from its origins in the 1920s to the present time, and provides a status update on the primary beryllium producers throughout the world.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... tools. Metal injection molding parts are used in aerospace and defense, medical and dental, electronics, agriculture, automotive, and many other markets. The PIM process uses a plastic feedstock that contains metal powder which is fed into a mold tool cavity (or multiple cavities) of a conventional...
Abstract
This chapter provides a brief history of powder metallurgy from its earliest known uses to present day applications.
Book Chapter
Control of Heat-Treating Processes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.phtpp.t59380001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-456-7
... process specifications with more stringent pyrometry requirements must be followed. As a general rule, heat treaters supplying the aerospace and defense industries will need to satisfy the requirements of AMS2750E, whereas heat treaters supplying the automotive industry will typically be required...
Abstract
Critical process variables must be controlled to ensure uniform and repeatable heat-treating results. This chapter covers the subject of controlling the heat-treating process. All heat-treating equipment utilizes various sensors, timers, and other components to monitor and control the process utilizing various control methods. The chapter focuses on temperature control and measurement, including a discussion about thermocouples and devices for measuring thermal and electrical conductivity.
Book Chapter
Additive Manufacturing—History, Recent Developments, and Advancement
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400207
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... component fabrication with industrial-scale surface accuracy and finishes ( Ref 10.10 ). Defense and aerospace companies such as Airbus and Boeing have adopted 3D printing technology to build a variety of structural components that can withstand a wide range of temperature and climatic conditions. Not only...
Abstract
This chapter gives a brief review of the development of additive manufacturing (AM) and the appeal of different of different AM methods.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hpcspa.t54460001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-285-3
... developed many customers for its portable, cabinet, and robotic spray systems in industries such as automotive, mass transit, aerospace, and defense. The original HPCS effort at NCMS led to other U.S. interests in this emerging technology. Dr. Mark Smith, a thermal spray researcher at Sandia National...
Abstract
Cold spray is a process technology that, for the first time, enables the rapid deposition of a wide range of metals and some other materials in the solid state at temperatures far below their melting points. This chapter provides an overview of the processes involved in cold spray process technologies, namely high-pressure cold spray (HPCS) and low-pressure cold spray (LPCS), explaining differences of LPCS from HPCS. It summarizes the historical background of the cold spray process. The growing international interest in the cold spray process from the early 2000s is also reviewed.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Steel Castings
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
... from food processing and electronics to oil and gas, defense and pulp and paper industries. In fact, castings touch every aspect of our lives. Cast Steel Compared to Other Cast Metals Non-ferrous alloys have excellent machinability, and most are lighter than the iron family, but they do not have...
Abstract
This chapter defines steel castings, explains when to use steel castings, gives an overview of casting processes, and gives examples of suitable applications for cast steel parts.
Book Chapter
Hygienic Practices for Handling Beryllium and Its Components
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230513
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
..., with engineered controls preferentially applied over administrative controls or personnel protective equipment (PPE), which are normally considered a last line of defense. A key engineering control is the use of ventilation, including laboratory hoods, glove boxes, or point-source ventilation. In decommissioning...
Abstract
This chapter covers regulatory requirements, safe handling practices, hazard analysis and control, dismantling and decommissioning, and waste disposal. It also includes references for additional information on government regulations.
Book Chapter
Aluminum—The Light Metal
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.t59250107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
... was protected by high tariffs during the prewar years and by the wartime needs after 1915. The company was able to sell its inventory of aluminum to the European powers allied against Germany in 1915 and 1916. Production was then purchased for the United States’ defense use in the remaining years of the war...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the development of aluminum, its industry growth, and its modern uses in manufacturing. It begins with the biography of Charles Martin Hall, who invented the process for reducing aluminum from its ore. The evolution of aluminum production from the Pittsburgh Reduction Company to a pilot plant on Smallman Street in Pittsburgh, to a production plant in New Kensington, and to Niagara Falls, New York, is then described. This is followed by a discussion on early aluminum applications and the usage of lower-cost raw materials. The chapter provides information on aluminum production process integrated by Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) and the numerous technical problems and solutions related to Alcoa's research from World War I to World War II. The aerospace applications for aluminum alloys are also presented. The chapter concludes with a section on aluminum alloys developed by Alcoa.
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