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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.9781627083409
EISBN: 978-1-62708-340-9
Book Chapter
Cumulative Fatigue Damage
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870123
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
.... It then proceeds to demonstrate the methods commonly used to analyze cumulative fatigue damage and its effect on component life starting with the classical linear damage rule. After pointing out the inherent limitations of the model, it presents a method that incorporates two linear damage rules, one applying...
Abstract
This chapter addresses the cumulative effects of fatigue and how to determine its impact on component lifetime and performance. It begins by defining a loading history and its corresponding hysteresis loops that exposes the deficiencies of some of the theories discussed. It then proceeds to demonstrate the methods commonly used to analyze cumulative fatigue damage and its effect on component life starting with the classical linear damage rule. After pointing out the inherent limitations of the model, it presents a method that incorporates two linear damage rules, one applying prior to crack initiation and the other after the crack has started. Although the method accounts somewhat better for loading-order effects, the transition in behavior that the rules presume to model occurs prior to any signs of cracking. Two modified versions of the double linear damage rule method, neither of which are related to a physical crack initiation event, are subsequently presented along with several applications showing how the different methods compare. The examples provided include two-level and multilevel tests, a gas-turbine engine compressor disk, and the cumulative damage associated with the irreversible hardening of type 304 stainless steel.
Book Chapter
Avoidance, Control, and Repair of Fatigue Damage
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870267
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
..., preventing or removing surface damage, and by inducing compressive mean stresses that prolong fatigue life. It also discusses the use of property conditioning and restoration treatments, the benefits of interference fits and processes such as coaxing, the effects of assembly damage and operating overload...
Abstract
This chapter is largely a compendium of best practices and procedures for minimizing the effects of fatigue. It explains how to make products more resistant to fatigue by choosing the right materials and manufacturing processes, avoiding geometries and features that concentrate strains, preventing or removing surface damage, and by inducing compressive mean stresses that prolong fatigue life. It also discusses the use of property conditioning and restoration treatments, the benefits of interference fits and processes such as coaxing, the effects of assembly damage and operating overload, the importance of surface cleanliness and finish, and the role of inspection, testing, replacement, and repair in safe-life and fail-safe designs. Examples highlighting the benefits and potential pitfalls of proof loading tests are included as well.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Damage Mechanisms with Case Studies
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430147
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
..., and insufficient quality control. boiler tubes coal-fired power plants damage mechanisms fatigue fire-side corrosion fire-side erosion operation failures quality control root cause investigation stress rupture failures water-side corrosion 6.1 Introduction In coal-fired power plants, boiler...
Abstract
This chapter provides an outline of the failure modes and mechanisms associated with most boiler tube failures in coal-fired power plants. Primary categories include stress rupture failures, water-side corrosion, fire-side corrosion, fire-side erosion, fatigue, operation failures, and insufficient quality control.
Book Chapter
Damage Mechanisms References
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430376
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... Abstract This chapter lists all of the references cited in the chapters on damage mechanisms. damage mechanisms references References References 6.1 French D.N. , Failures of Boilers and Related Equipment , Failure Analysis and Prevention , Vol 11 , ASM Handbook, ASM...
Abstract
This chapter lists all of the references cited in the chapters on damage mechanisms.
Book Chapter
Hydrogen Damage
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.t55030148
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
... Abstract Hydrogen damage is a form of environmentally assisted failure that results most often from the combined action of hydrogen and residual or applied tensile stress. This chapter classifies the various forms of hydrogen damage, summarizes the various theories that seek to explain hydrogen...
Abstract
Hydrogen damage is a form of environmentally assisted failure that results most often from the combined action of hydrogen and residual or applied tensile stress. This chapter classifies the various forms of hydrogen damage, summarizes the various theories that seek to explain hydrogen damage, and reviews hydrogen degradation in specific ferrous and nonferrous alloys. The preeminent theories for hydrogen damage are based on pressure, surface adsorption, decohesion, enhanced plastic flow, hydrogen attack, and hydride formation. The specific alloys covered are iron-base, nickel, aluminum, copper, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, and tantalum alloys.
Book Chapter
Fracture Control and Damage Tolerance Analysis
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610303
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... control plans optimized for different circumstances, examines the damage tolerance requirements used by different industries, and discusses various approaches for fatigue design. damage tolerance analysis fracture control proof testing FRACTURE CONTROL is the concerted effort to ensure safe...
Abstract
Fracture control can be defined as a concerted effort to maintain operating safety without catastrophic failure by fracture. It requires an understanding of how cracks affect structural integrity and strength and the time that a crack can grow before it exceeds permissible size. The chapter describes some of methods used to determine maximum permissible crack size and predict growth rates. It explains how the information can then be used to control fractures through periodic inspection, fail-safe features, mandated retirement, and proof testing. It presents a number of fracture control plans optimized for different circumstances, examines the damage tolerance requirements used by different industries, and discusses various approaches for fatigue design.
Book Chapter
Damage Tolerance of Metals
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mmfi.t69540215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-309-6
... Abstract This chapter presents a fracture-mechanics-based approach to damage tolerance, accounting for mechanical, metallurgical, and environmental factors that drive crack development and growth. It begins with a review of stress-intensity factors corresponding to a wide range of crack...
Abstract
This chapter presents a fracture-mechanics-based approach to damage tolerance, accounting for mechanical, metallurgical, and environmental factors that drive crack development and growth. It begins with a review of stress-intensity factors corresponding to a wide range of crack geometries, specimen configurations, and loading conditions. The discussion covers two- and three-dimensional cracks as well as the use of correction factors and problem-simplification techniques for dealing with nonstandard configurations. The chapter goes on to describe how fatigue loading affects crack growth rates in each of the three stages of progression. Using images, diagrams, and data plots, it reveals how cracks advance in step with successive stress cycles and explains how fatigue crack growth rates can be determined by examining striations on fracture specimens and correlating their widths with stress profiles. It also describes how material-related factors, load history, corrosion, and temperature affect crack growth rates, and discusses the steps involved in life assessment.
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The concept of damage curves and their implementation to sum damage due to ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2006
Fig. 6.8 The concept of damage curves and their implementation to sum damage due to successive loadings
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Comparison between linear damage rule and double linear damage curves for S...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2006
Fig. 6.16 Comparison between linear damage rule and double linear damage curves for SAE data on man-ten steel for three loading histories: suspension load, transmission load, and bracket vibration. (a) SAE specimen ( Ref 6.20 ). (b) Linear damage rule compared with double linear damage curve
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The double linear damage rule construction to determine the level of damage...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2006
Fig. 6.19 The double linear damage rule construction to determine the level of damage separating phases I and II. (a) Identification of N *. (b) Establishment of D I–II
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General shape of damage accumulation curve for continuum damage mechanics. ...
Available to Purchase
in Critique of Predictive Methods for Treatment of Time-Dependent Metal Fatigue at High Temperatures
> Fatigue and Durability of Metals at High Temperatures
Published: 01 July 2009
Fig. 8.12 General shape of damage accumulation curve for continuum damage mechanics. Source: Ref 8.49
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in Aerospace Applications—Example Fatigue Problems
> Fatigue and Durability of Metals at High Temperatures
Published: 01 July 2009
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Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 14.13 Cumulative damage during high-to-low loading sequence. Source: Ref 5
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IR inspection images showed the die edge damage at the active circuit areas...
Available to Purchase
in Chip-Scale Packaging and Its Failure Analysis Challenges
> Microelectronics Failure Analysis: Desk Reference
Published: 01 November 2019
Figure 9 IR inspection images showed the die edge damage at the active circuit areas (arrowed). (a) focus on backside of Si device; (b) focus on active circuit area
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Influence of cutting procedure on deformation and damage to porcelain-ename...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 1984
Figure 2-1 Influence of cutting procedure on deformation and damage to porcelain-enameled steel, 45 ×, 2% nital, polarized light. (Courtesy of A. O. Benscoter, Bethlehem Steel Corp.)
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in Tribology of Lubricants
> Tribomaterials: Properties and Selection for Friction, Wear, and Erosion Applications
Published: 30 April 2021
Fig. 14.12 Damage from rubbing contact on an air bearing hemisphere
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Scanning electron micrograph showing surface damage by chip formation, plas...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2001
Fig. 4 Scanning electron micrograph showing surface damage by chip formation, plastic deformation, and pickup of fragments of a ceramic particle abrading a copper surface
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in Life Assessment of Steam-Turbine Components
> Damage Mechanisms and Life Assessment of High-Temperature Components
Published: 01 December 1989
Fig. 6.45. Bilinear damage curves for failure at different cycles ( Ref 107 ).
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Published: 01 January 1998
Fig. 16-6 Schematic of nitrogen atom implantation in iron (top), N and damage profiles (lower left), and defect generation (lower right). Source: Ref 3
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