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in Conventional Heat Treatment—Basic Concepts
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 10.59 Quenching crack susceptibility as a function of the “equivalent carbon” used as a measure for hardenability. Source: Ref 13
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Published: 01 July 1997
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Published: 01 December 2001
Fig. 12 Effect of nickel content on stress–corrosion cracking susceptibility of stainless steel wires containing 18 to 20% Cr in a magnesium chloride solution boiling at 154 °C (309 °F)
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Published: 01 December 2001
Fig. 19 Stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of various stainless steels as a function of temperature and chloride concentration. Materials designated as 2304, 2205, and 2507 are duplex grades.
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Published: 01 July 1997
Fig. 12 Effect of composition on hot cracking susceptibility of welds in a eutectic system. Regions of hot crack susceptibility: A, no cracking; B, liquid healing is possible; C, hot crack sensitive. Source: Ref 19
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Published: 01 July 1997
Fig. 12 Relationship between soldification cracking susceptibility and Cr eq /Ni eq ratio. Boundary between cracking and no cracking at Cr eq /Ni eq = 1.5 corresponds to change in solidification mode from primary austenite below 1.5 to primary ferrite above 1.5. Source: Ref 17
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.wip.t65930023
EISBN: 978-1-62708-359-1
... several weldability tests for evaluating cracking susceptibility, classified as self-restraint or externally loaded tests. The article discusses the processes, advantages, and disadvantages of the weld pool shape tests, the weld penetration tests, and the Gleeble test. Gleeble test weld cracking...
Abstract
This article describes the weldability tests that are used to evaluate the effects of welding on such properties and characteristics as base-metal and weld-metal cracking; base-metal and weld-metal ductility; weld penetration; and weld pool shape and fluid flow. It also describes several weldability tests for evaluating cracking susceptibility, classified as self-restraint or externally loaded tests. The article discusses the processes, advantages, and disadvantages of the weld pool shape tests, the weld penetration tests, and the Gleeble test.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sccmpe2.t55090221
EISBN: 978-1-62708-266-2
... Abstract This chapter describes the conditions under which copper-base alloys are susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) and some of the environmental factors, such as temperature, pH, and corrosion potential, that influence crack growth and time to failure. It explains that, although...
Abstract
This chapter describes the conditions under which copper-base alloys are susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) and some of the environmental factors, such as temperature, pH, and corrosion potential, that influence crack growth and time to failure. It explains that, although most of the literature has been concerned with copper zinc alloys in ammoniacal solutions, there are a number of alloy-environment combinations where SCC has been observed. The chapter discusses several of these cases and the effect of various application parameters, including composition, microstructure, heat treatment, cold working, and stress intensity. It also provides information on stress-corrosion testing, mitigation techniques, and basic cracking mechanisms.
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Published: 01 December 2008
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 33 Variation of susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) with media oxygen and chloride content for 304 stainless steel. Source: Ref 32
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 3 Influence of molybdenum on susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking in solutions containing (a) 3.5% NaCl and (b) 0% NaCl. Source: Ref 2
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in Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Amorphous Alloys[1]
> Stress-Corrosion Cracking<subtitle>Materials Performance and Evaluation</subtitle>
Published: 01 January 2017
Fig. 13.2 Variation of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of amorphous Fe-23Ni-7.5Cr-13P-7C alloy as a function of applied potential in 2 N and 5 N H 2 SO 4 and 5 N H 2 SO 4 + 0.1 N NaCl at a strain rate of 5.6 × 10 −6 /s. Source: Ref 13.4
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Published: 01 December 2015
Fig. 12 Relationship between pH-potential conditions for severe cracking susceptibility of carbon steel in various environments and the stability regions for solid and dissolved species on the Pourbaix diagram. Note that severe susceptibility is encountered where a protective film (phosphate
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in Mechanisms of Stress-Corrosion Cracking[1]
> Stress-Corrosion Cracking<subtitle>Materials Performance and Evaluation</subtitle>
Published: 01 January 2017
Fig. 1.14 Relationship between pH-potential conditions for severe cracking susceptibility of carbon steel in various environments and the stability regions for solid and dissolved species on the electrochemical equilibrium diagram. Note that severe susceptibility is encountered where
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.wip.t65930071
EISBN: 978-1-62708-359-1
... the end of solidification. Simplistically, they result from the inability of the semisolid material to accommodate the thermal shrinkage strains associated with weld solidification and cooling. Cracks then form at susceptible sites to relieve the accumulating strain. Susceptible sites are interfaces...
Abstract
The formation of defects in materials that have been fusion welded is a major concern in the design of welded assemblies. This article describes four types of defects that, in particular, have been the focus of much attention because of the magnitude of their impact on product quality. Colloquially, these four defect types are known as hot cracks, heat-affected zone microfissures, cold cracks, and lamellar tearing.
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Published: 01 July 1997
Fig. 10 Relationship of manganese-to-sulfur ratio, carbon content, and hot cracking susceptibility in welds
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Published: 01 December 2015
Fig. 4 Temperature and concentration limits for stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of carbon steels in caustic soda. Source: Ref 6 , 11
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Published: 01 July 2000
Fig. 7.77 Relationship between pH/potential conditions for severe cracking susceptibility of mild steel in various environments and the stability region for solid and dissolved species on the potential-pH diagram. Source: Ref 115
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fahtsc.t51130503
EISBN: 978-1-62708-284-6
...: Diffusible hydrogen content Yield strength Hardness Carbon equivalent Thickness Restraint Susceptible microstructure Cracking can take place in either the weld metal or the HAZ, depending on which is more susceptible. Generally, the peak hardness, strength, and carbon equivalent...
Abstract
Failure analysis of steel welds may be divided into three categories. They include failures due to design deficiencies, weld-related defects usually found during inspection, and failures in field service. This chapter emphasizes the failures due to various discontinuities in the steel weldment. These include poor workmanship, a variety of hydrogen-assisted cracking failures, stress-corrosion cracking, fatigue, and solidification cracking in steel welds. Hydrogen-assisted cracking can appear in four common forms, namely underbead or delayed cracking, weld metal fisheyes, ferrite vein cracking, and hydrogen-assisted reduced ductility.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sccmpe2.t55090443
EISBN: 978-1-62708-266-2
.... ASTM G58-85(2011): Standard practice for preparation of stress-corrosion test specimens for weldments. ASTM G129-00(2013): Standard practice for slow strain rate testing to evaluate the susceptibility of metallic materials to environmentally assisted cracking. ASTM G158-00(2013): Standard...
Abstract
ASTM and other standards organizations have developed a number of tests for evaluating stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) under various conditions. This appendix lists many of the SCC tests that have been approved for specific materials and operating environments.
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