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corrosion response
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cub.t66910193
EISBN: 978-1-62708-250-1
... significantly alter the response of the material in a given environment. This chapter provides a detailed account of all these types of corrosion affecting various industries, pointing out the connection between the characteristics of the corrosive environment that control corrosion behavior, the corrosion...
Abstract
Corrosive environments can be broadly classified as atmospheric, underground/soil, water, acidic, alkaline, and combinations of these. Complicating matters is the fact that there are important variables, for example, pH, temperature, and the presence of biological organisms, that can significantly alter the response of the material in a given environment. This chapter provides a detailed account of all these types of corrosion affecting various industries, pointing out the connection between the characteristics of the corrosive environment that control corrosion behavior, the corrosion characteristics of various metals and materials systems, and the subsequent corrosion response.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hpcspa.t54460277
EISBN: 978-1-62708-285-3
.... (j) Fatigue response of the coatings. Source: Ref 11.5 Fig. 11.5 (Part 2) (a–h) Low-pressure cold spray repair, using a portable unit. (a) Al-7075-T73 helicopter mast with (b) corrosion pits in the lower lip of the snap ring groove. (c) Cross section of the pitted surface. (d) Pitted...
Abstract
This chapter focuses on high-pressure cold spray applications pertaining to repair and refurbishment in the aerospace, oil and gas, and power-generation industries, the last specifically involving repair of gas turbine components. Advantages of cold spray coating in the repair and refurbishment of structural engineering components are also discussed.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270128
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
... in the material is responsible for the initiation of the fatigue crack. Conclusion The compressor blade failed by a fatigue crack initiating from corrosion pits at the root transition region on the convex side of the airfoil and propagating to a depth of 50% of the blade cross section, before the final...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the failure of a first-stage compressor blade in an aircraft engine and explains how investigators determined that it was caused by fatigue, with a crack originating from corrosion pits that developed in the root transition region on the convex side of the airfoil.
Image
in Atlas of Microstructures
> Powder Metallurgy Stainless Steels: Processing, Microstructures, and Properties
Published: 01 June 2007
Fig. 38 Pitting type corrosion in PM 409L (welded) subjected to condensed corrosion test for 25 cycles (25 weeks). An adherent layer of corrosion products is seen on the sample surface. Sample as-made by hydrogen sintering to 7.20 g/cc density. (See section 11.1 , 3 for test procedure
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270156
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
... responsible for the pitting corrosion locally in a humid environment. Fig. CH39.4 SEM fractograph showing fine fatigue striations Conclusion Cracking of the tail rotor blade skin in the helicopter was due to a fatigue crack initiated from a corrosion pit on the inside surface. The local...
Abstract
The tail rotor blade of a helicopter developed a visible crack during service. The cracked region was removed from the blade and the fracture surface was examined in a SEM, revealing shallow pitting on the inside surface of the skin and a corresponding reduction in thickness. Based on these findings, investigators concluded that the failure was due to a fatigue crack initiated from a corrosion pit, which may have been caused by chemicals released by the burning of bonding resin.
Image
in Cold Spray Applications in Repair and Refurbishment for the Aerospace, Oil and Gas, and Power-Generation Industries
> High Pressure Cold Spray: Principles and Applications
Published: 01 June 2016
coating. (e) Macro picture of the repaired corrosion pit. (f–h) Aluminum-base cold-sprayed coating microstructures from (f) commercial-purity aluminum, (g) Al-30vol%Al 2 O 3 , and (h) Al-15%Zn-25%Al 2 O 3 . (i) Bond adhesion strength and hardness of these coatings. (j) Fatigue response of the coatings
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Image
Published: 01 July 2000
Fig. 7.48 Response of five austenitic stainless steels to pitting and crevice corrosion. Alloys exposed 1 month at room temperature in indicated concentrations of FeCl 3 solutions. (Numbers represent weight percent.)
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Image
in Cold Spray Applications in Repair and Refurbishment for the Aerospace, Oil and Gas, and Power-Generation Industries
> High Pressure Cold Spray: Principles and Applications
Published: 01 June 2016
coating. (e) Macro picture of the repaired corrosion pit. (f–h) Aluminum-base cold-sprayed coating microstructures from (f) commercial-purity aluminum, (g) Al-30vol%Al 2 O 3 , and (h) Al-15%Zn-25%Al 2 O 3 . (i) Bond adhesion strength and hardness of these coatings. (j) Fatigue response of the coatings
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Image
in Cold Spray Applications in Repair and Refurbishment for the Aerospace, Oil and Gas, and Power-Generation Industries
> High Pressure Cold Spray: Principles and Applications
Published: 01 June 2016
coating. (e) Macro picture of the repaired corrosion pit. (f–h) Aluminum-base cold-sprayed coating microstructures from (f) commercial-purity aluminum, (g) Al-30vol%Al 2 O 3 , and (h) Al-15%Zn-25%Al 2 O 3 . (i) Bond adhesion strength and hardness of these coatings. (j) Fatigue response of the coatings
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430147
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... Abstract This chapter provides an outline of the failure modes and mechanisms associated with most boiler tube failures in coal-fired power plants. Primary categories include stress rupture failures, water-side corrosion, fire-side corrosion, fire-side erosion, fatigue, operation failures...
Abstract
This chapter provides an outline of the failure modes and mechanisms associated with most boiler tube failures in coal-fired power plants. Primary categories include stress rupture failures, water-side corrosion, fire-side corrosion, fire-side erosion, fatigue, operation failures, and insufficient quality control.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.t55030167
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
... is a primary factor in determining corrosion behavior of metals. Alloying has been the major means used to change the properties of metals (including corrosion). Alloys with varying degrees of corrosion resistance have been developed in response to ever-changing service environments. A good example of how...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sccmpe2.t55090367
EISBN: 978-1-62708-266-2
... Abstract This chapter addresses the challenge of selecting an appropriate stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) test to evaluate the serviceability of a material for a given application. It begins by establishing a generic model in which SCC is depicted in two stages, initiation and propagation...
Abstract
This chapter addresses the challenge of selecting an appropriate stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) test to evaluate the serviceability of a material for a given application. It begins by establishing a generic model in which SCC is depicted in two stages, initiation and propagation, that further subdivide into several zones plus a transition region. It then discusses SCC test standards before describing basic test objectives and selection criteria. The chapter explains how to achieve the required loading conditions for different tests and how to prepare test specimens to determine elastic strain, plastic strain, and residual stress responses. It also describes the difference between smooth and precracked specimens and how they are used, provides information on slow-strain-rate testing and how to assess the results, and discusses various test environments and procedures, including tests for weldments. The chapter concludes with a section on how to interpret time to failure, threshold stress, percent survival, stress intensity, and propagation rate data, and assess the precision of the associated tests.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cub.t66910427
EISBN: 978-1-62708-250-1
... in order to develop reference or database information that allows designers and engineers to categorize individual materials in terms of corrosion resistance and behavior, relative to those features in other available materials. The responsibility for generating this database on corrosion behavior often...
Abstract
Corrosion testing and monitoring are powerful tools in the fight to control corrosion. This chapter provides a general overview of three major categories of corrosion tests, namely laboratory tests, pilot-plant tests, and field tests. It begins with brief sections describing the purposes of corrosion tests, the logical steps in a test program, and the preparation and cleaning of test specimens. The focus then moves on to discuss the types and applications of these test categories and the associated evaluation procedures. Excluding electrochemical tests which are addressed separately in this chapter, the other laboratory tests covered under this category are simulated atmosphere tests, salt-spray tests, and immersion tests. Only corrosion testing in the atmosphere is discussed in the section on field tests. Corrosion monitoring techniques are finally considered, covering the characteristics of corrosion monitoring techniques, the factors to be considered in selecting a corrosion-monitoring method, and the strategies in corrosion monitoring.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmsspmp.t52000203
EISBN: 978-1-62708-312-6
....) The response of PM Stainless is similar to that of wrought stainless steel ( Fig. 39 ) Fig. 39 Pitting type corrosion in wrought 409L (welded) subjected to condensed corrosion test for 25 cycles (25 weeks). An adherent layer of corrosion products is seen on the sample surface. Some degree...
Abstract
This atlas contains images showing how sintering conditions (time, temperature, and atmosphere) and compaction pressure affect the microstructure of different types of stainless steel. It also includes images of stainless steel powders, fracture surfaces, and test specimens characterized by the presence of compounds, such as oxides, carbides, and nitrides, and various forms of corrosion.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.t55030165
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
... behavior of metals is their chemical composition. Alloying, which is adding other element(s) to a metal, is one of the major means used to improve the corrosion resistance of the base material. Alloys with varying degrees of corrosion resistance have been developed in response to an ever-increasing number...
Abstract
The basic concept for most methods of corrosion protection is to remove one or more of the electrochemical cell components so that the pure metal or metal alloy of interest will not corrode. Another widely used corrosion protection approach is to change the nature of the anode so that it becomes the cathode (cathodic protection). This chapter briefly reviews these methods of corrosion protection. The factors affecting corrosion behavior are covered. In addition, the chapter provides information on coatings and inhibitors, which are used in corrosion protection.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fec.t65940183
EISBN: 978-1-62708-302-7
... are observed. Values of i p are frequently of the order of 10 mA/m 2 corresponding to corrosion rates of about 25 μm/year (1 mpy, or mil per year). The theoretical predictions or experimental determinations of the composition, thickness, and structure of films responsible for passivity are difficult...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the complex polarization characteristics of active-passive metals and addresses related problems in interpreting their corrosion behavior. It begins by presenting several experimentally derived polarization curves for iron, comparing and contrasting them with the iron-water Pourbaix diagram. It then explains how anodic polarization is extremely sensitive to the environment and, as a result, a reasonably complete curve for a given metal-environment system usually can only be inferred. It goes on to describe how such curves are constructed, demonstrating the procedures for a wide range of alloys and environments. The examples also show how factors such as alloy concentration, crystal lattice orientation, temperature, and dissolved oxygen affect corrosion behavior.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170417
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... Abstract This article discusses the role of alloying in the production and use of titanium. It explains how alloying elements affect transformation temperatures, tensile and creep strength, elasticity, hardness, and corrosion behaviors. It provides composition and property data for commercial...
Abstract
This article discusses the role of alloying in the production and use of titanium. It explains how alloying elements affect transformation temperatures, tensile and creep strength, elasticity, hardness, and corrosion behaviors. It provides composition and property data for commercial grades of titanium, addresses processing issues, and identifies operating environments where certain titanium alloys are susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.secwr.t68350183
EISBN: 978-1-62708-315-7
.... These data should be used with caution because the corrosion response of a given coating changes from environment to environment. Coating suppliers should be consulted for final coating material selection. The type of coating process selected is dependent on the design factors described in Chapter 8...
Abstract
This chapter compares and contrasts surface-engineering processes based on process availability, corrosion and wear performance, distortion effects, penetration depth or attainable coating thickness, and cost. It provides both quantitative and qualitative information as well as measured property values.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870085
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
...-Induced Deformation of Aluminum , Erosion, Wear and Interfaces with Corrosion , ASTM , 1973 3. Preece C.M. , Vaidya S. , and Dakshinamoorthy S. , The Influence of Crystal Structure on the Response of Metals to Cavitation , Erosion: Prevention and Useful Applications , ASTM...
Abstract
This chapter explains how mechanical processes, including erosion, cavitation, impingement, and fretting, contribute to the effects of corrosion in aluminum alloys. It describes the two main types of erosion-corrosion and the factors involved in cavitation and liquid impingement erosion along with testing and prevention methods. It also provides information on fretting corrosion and fretting fatigue.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sccmpe2.t55090333
EISBN: 978-1-62708-266-2
..., no SCC occurred. However, both cathodic and anodic polarization in the hydrochloric acid led to fracture, as shown in Fig. 13.8 ( Ref 13.16 ). Hydrogen embrittlement was reported as responsible for the failure in zone A and stress corrosion for the failure in zone C . Fig. 13.8 Time...
Abstract
Amorphous alloys, because of their lack of crystallographic slip planes, are assumed to be insensitive to the selective corrosion attack that causes stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) in crystalline alloys. However, under certain conditions, melt-spun amorphous alloys have proven vulnerable to SCC due to hydrogen embrittlement. This chapter presents findings from several studies on this phenomenon, describing test conditions as well as cracking and fracture behaviors. It also discusses the effect of deformation on corrosion behavior, particularly for alloys without strongly passivating elements.
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