Figure 3-11 Optical constants of carbides and carbonitrides and common vapor-deposited compound. (From Bühler and Kossel, Ref. 37, courtesy of Dr. Riederer-Verlag, GmbH.) Layer n s K s Pd-oxide 2.75 0.6 Pt-oxide 2.75 0.25 Pb-oxide 2.67 0.1 ZnSe 2.65 More

Fig. 3 Parabolic rate constants for the growth of several oxides. Source: Ref 6 More

Fig. 3.29 Parabolic rate constants of several oxides. Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 4.38 Nitridation rate constants as a function of the alloy’s nickel concentration when tested in N 2 -5%H 2 at 1000 and 1100 °C (1830 and 2010 °F). Source: Ref 51 More

Fig. 5.19 Carburization rate constants of several Fe-Ni-Cr alloys at 825 °C (1520 °F) in the test environment with a carbon activity of 0.8 and an oxygen potential such that SiO 2 is stable (but not Cr 2 O 3 ), as shown in Fig. 5.18 . Source: Ref 35 More

Fig. 5.20 Carburization rate constants as a function of silicon content in the alloy for several Fe-Ni-Cr alloys tested at 825 °C (1520 °F) in the test environment with a carbon activity of 0.8 and an oxygen potential such that SiO 2 is stable (but not Cr 2 O 3 ), as shown in Fig. 5.18 More

Fig. 5.21 Carburization rate constants of several Fe-Ni-Cr alloys at 1000 °C (1830 °F) in the test environment with a carbon activity of 0.8 and an oxygen potential such that SiO 2 is not stable as shown in Fig. 5.18 . Source: Ref 35 More

Fig. 5.22 Carburization rate constants as a function of Ni to Cr + Fe ratio [Ni/(Cr + Fe)] for several Fe-Ni-Cr alloys tested at 1000 °C (1830 °F) in the test environment with a carbon activity of 0.8 and an oxygen potential such that SiO 2 is not stable as shown in Fig. 5.18 . Source: Ref More

Fig. 7.10 Parabolic rate constants for Fe-Cr, Ni-Cr, and Co-Cr alloys as a function of chromium content. Source: Ref 18 More

Fig. 7.11 Parabolic rate constants for Fe-Cr-Al and Co-Cr-Al alloys as a function of aluminum content. Source: Ref 18 More

Fig. 7.47 Initial linear rate constants of nickel in different SO 2 -O 2 mixtures at 1 atm and 800 °C (1470 °F). Also shown are equilibrium SO 3 pressures at different SO 2 -O 2 mixtures. Source: Ref 83 More

Fig. 7.48 Parabolic rate constants of Ni-Cr alloys as a function of chromium concentration in SO 2 :O 2 mixture (2:1 ratio) at various temperatures. Source: Ref 93 More

Fig. 2.23 Spring-slider-gap model for gray iron with spring constants. Source: Ref 2.9 More

Fig. 12.67 PWA 1480 SCDS superalloy compliance constants vs. temperature More

Fig. 4.33 Determination of constants Q and P for 300M steel More

Fig. 8.4 Neuber constants for steel and aluminum, figure from Ref 8.6 , results from Ref 8.7 More

Fig. 16-6 Variation of elastic constants with fiber orientation More

Fig. 5.9 Effect of anisotropy constants on the shape of Hill’s 1948 yield criterion in the plane stress condition More