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computer-aided design
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110262
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... Figure 12 Precise IC delayering with CADNav assistance Figure 6 Partial CAD layout extracted for external FA Abstract Abstract Over the revolutionary era of semiconductor technology, Computer-Aided Design Navigation (CADNav) tools have played an increasingly critical role in silicon...
Abstract
Over the revolutionary era of semiconductor technology, Computer-Aided Design Navigation (CADNav) tools have played an increasingly critical role in silicon debug and failure analysis (FA) in efforts to improve manufacturing yield while reducing time-to-market for integrated circuit (IC) products. This article encompasses the key principles of CADNav for various aspects of semiconductor FA and its importance for improved yield and profitability. An overview of the required input data and formats are described for both IC and package devices, along with key considerations and best practices recommended for fast fault localization, accurate root cause analysis, FA equipment utilization, efficient cross-team collaboration, and database management. Challenges with an FA lab ecosystem are addressed by providing an integrated database and software platform that enable design layout and schematic analysis in the FA lab for quick and accurate navigation and cross-tool collaboration.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200133
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
...Abstract Abstract This chapter gives an overview of how steel castings may be effectively adapted to modern concurrent engineering processes. The chapter discusses computer aided design programs, solid modeling, solidification simulation programs, and rapid prototyping. computer-aided...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.chffa.t51040237
EISBN: 978-1-62708-300-3
...—Practical Examples of Computerized Part and Process Design, ” Journal of Materials Processing Technology , Vol 59 , 1996 , p 122 . 10.1016/0924-0136(96)02293-5 [Messner et al., 1994] Messner A. , Engel U. , Kals R. , Vollertsen F. , “ Size effect in the FE simulation...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.t52860035
EISBN: 978-1-62708-338-6
... computers.” For more complex geometries, they could not see any possibility of producing winding patterns economically by computer. In 1983, Braun ( Ref 4.7 ) provided good insight to the problems of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) for filament winding. He explained many...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the ways in which the evolution of filament winding software systems has capitalized on the inherent flexibility of computer numerical controlled winding machines and enhanced their productivity. It provides a detailed discussion on different types of geometries that can be wound, from the simple to the highly complex, with insight into the limitations, advantages, and challenges of each. Components covered include classic axisymmetric parts (rings, pipes, driveshafts, pipe reducers, tapered shafts, closed-end pressure vessels, and storage tanks), nonround sections (aeromasts, airfoils, box sections, and fuselage sections), curved-axis parts (elbows, ducts), and special applications (tees). Basic winding concepts, such as band pattern, are discussed and explained, and some simple predictive formulae are introduced. The chapter also provides examples of programming various geometries using advanced software tools and discusses how various materials, such as rovings, tow-preg, prepreg tape, and woven materials, affect winding program generation.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320049
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
..., eventually reducing the development time and time to market. Development of the three-dimensional computer-aided design (3D CAD) geometry and ease of electronic exchange of the CAD models contribute to the ability to check assembly interferences and clearances in components in relative motion. A 3D CAD...
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of how the disciplines of design, material, and manufacturing contribute to engineering for functional performance. It describes the interaction of product designers and casting engineers in product development. It discusses the consequences of component failure, uncertainty in data and assumptions, and selection of the factor of safety. The chapter also presents an overview of the functional requirements for product performance and provides an overview of product design development. It also presents a partial list of the different tests that are performed on prototypes and examples of product testing. The chapter describes the requirements of a traceability system.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aet.t68260087
EISBN: 978-1-62708-336-2
.... It is also important to remember that the use of the latest manufacturing technologies is necessary in order to be able to produce a die at a faster rate with a competitive price. Aluminum extrusion die production involves a complex mixture of design (using computer aided design, CAD, systems...
Abstract
This chapter familiarizes readers with the design, configuration, and function of tooling and dies used to extrude aluminum alloys. It discuses basic design considerations, including the geometry, location, and orientation of die openings; allowances for thermal shrinkage, stretching, and deflection; and the length and profile of bearing surfaces. It outlines the steps and processes involved in die making, describes the selection and treatment of die materials, and examines the factors that influence friction and wear. It also discusses the general procedures for on-site die correction.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smfpa.t53500273
EISBN: 978-1-62708-317-1
... Work Flow and Forming Parameters A significant advantage of ISF is that it enables parts to be devised and produced within a short period of time. In the case of SPIF, the tool path can be planned from a computer-aided design (CAD) model, and the part can be formed directly without the need...
Abstract
This chapter describes incremental sheet forming processes, including single-point, two-point, and kinematic (two tool) techniques. It provides information on the tooling and equipment used, work flow and forming parameters, process mechanics and forming limits. It also discusses multistage forming strategies, process modeling and simulation, and advanced hybrid forming processes.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smfpa.t53500211
EISBN: 978-1-62708-317-1
.... In this time period, the product range of roll-formed parts increased considerably. Research led to new design tools such as CAD-based software and FE packages. In addition to computerized process design, some new computer numerical controlled roll forming mills with section plates, hydraulic quick clamping...
Abstract
Roll forming is a process in which flat strip or sheet material is progressively bent as it passes through a series of contoured rollers. This chapter describes the basic configuration and operating principles of a roll forming line and the cross-sectional profiles that can be achieved. It explains how to determine strip width and bending sequences and identifies the cause of common roll-forming defects. It also discusses the selection of roll materials and explains how software helps simplify the design of roll forming lines.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aceg.t68410009
EISBN: 978-1-62708-280-8
... configuration that is production-representative, and attaches the feeders and gating to run the solidification and the flow analysis. If there are minor changes to be made, the casting engineer sends the computer-aided design (CAD) file to the designer. The design engineer runs a second FEA to confirm...
Abstract
This chapter is a brief account of various factors pertinent to the development of an engineering component. The discussion covers the disciplines and interactions of design development, engineering of component design, validation of design and process analysis, and matrix of design and manufacturing elements.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.chffa.t51040319
EISBN: 978-1-62708-300-3
... of forming defects such as laps and chevron cracks Design and implementation of advanced forging presses and tooling for production of complex components The adoption and development of effective computerized information management systems for cold forging operations Life-long learning and training...
Abstract
This chapter defines near-net shape forging as the process of forging parts close to their final dimensions such that little machining or only grinding is required as a final step. It then describes the causes of dimensional variations in forging, including die deflection, press deflection, and process inconsistencies, and discusses related innovations.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.imub.t53720293
EISBN: 978-1-62708-305-8
... Weight Testing Hardness Testing The use of computer equipment in foundry inspection operations is finding more acceptance as the power and utility of available hardware and software increase. The computerization of operations can reduce the manhours required for inspection tasks, can increase...
Abstract
The inspection of castings normally involves checking for shape and dimensions, coupled with aided and unaided visual inspection for external discontinuities and surface quality. This chapter discusses methods for determining surface quality, internal discontinuities, and dimensional inspection. Casting defects including porosity, oxide films, inclusions, hot tears, metal penetration, and surface defects are reviewed. Liquid penetrant inspection, magnetic particle inspection, eddy current inspection, radiographic inspection, ultrasonic inspection, and leak testing for castings are discussed. The chapter provides information on the procedures involved in the inspection of castings that are limited to visual and dimensional inspections, weight testing, and hardness testing. It also discusses the use of computer equipment in foundry inspection operations.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.piht2.t55050317
EISBN: 978-1-62708-311-9
.... Bill Stuehr, Induction Tooling Inc. , unpublished data, 2014 Induction Coils Design for Use of Flux Concentrators Computer-Aided Coil Design (CAD) Coil Construction Coil Materials Materials for Coil Support and Fixtures Water Flow in Coils Coil Wall Thickness Adjacent...
Abstract
This appendix provides practical information on induction coils and how they are made. It discusses soldering methods, preferred materials, design challenges, and best practices and procedures. It also discusses the design, construction, and application of magnetic flux concentrators and the growing use of computer simulation.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.imub.t53720049
EISBN: 978-1-62708-305-8
... components from being produced. In addition, CMMs are also being used in entirely new applications; for example, reverse engineering and computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) applications as well as innovative approaches to manufacturing, such as the flexible manufacturing systems, manufacturing...
Abstract
The coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is used for three-dimensional inspection of both in-process and finished parts. This chapter provides a detailed account of the operating principles, measurement techniques, capabilities, and applications of CMMs. The types of CMMs are described. Vertical CMMs include cantilever-type, bridge-type, and gantry CMMs; horizontal CMMs, such as the horizontal-arm type, are also covered. The CMM application for geometric measurement, contour measurement, and specialized surface measurement are discussed.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320323
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
... noncontact measurement is implemented. The most critical dimensions that impact the assembly or performance are identified by the designer along with the computer-aided design (CAD). The casting engineer takes every precaution to minimize variability while designing the tooling and the process. 14.6.2...
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of key elements in controlling the casting process, systems to confirm the quality of outgoing components, and the steps needed to launch a novel product. The discussion also provides information on process control tools and techniques; incoming material control; process control of sand preparation and system maintenance; metallic charge materials; product quality control; and melting, metallurgical, and mechanical testing.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bpapp.9781627083195
EISBN: 978-1-62708-319-5
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.stg2.t61280079
EISBN: 978-1-62708-267-9
... casting patterns without the use of costly conventional wax or ceramic injection dies. Special machines can take a 3-D computer-aided design (CAD), convert the design into cross-sectional layers, and build a 3-D representation of the CAD geometry in plastic, wax, or polymer. Some processes can directly...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the application of investment casting to nickel- and cobalt-base superalloys. It describes the production of polycrystalline and single crystal castings, the materials normally used, and the part dimensions and tolerances typically achieved. It explains how patterns, molds, and shells are produced, discusses the practice of directional solidification, and examines an assortment of turbine components cast from nickel- and cobalt-base alloys. The chapter also addresses casting problems such as inclusions, porosity, distortion, core shift, and leaching and explains how to avoid them.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.imub.t53720063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-305-8
... or circles, especially if the descriptive data already exist in an off-line data base for computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM). For example, the geometry of a rectangular machined part with several circular holes of known diameters and locations can be readily programmed. Because more complex...
Abstract
Machine vision is a means of simulating the image recognition and analysis capabilities of the human eye/brain system with electronic and electromechanical techniques. This chapter discusses four basic steps in the machine vision process, namely image formation, image preprocessing, image analysis, and image interpretation. Details of the processes involved, equipment used, and the factors to be considered are also presented. In addition, the applications of machine vision are discussed.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bpapp.t59290111
EISBN: 978-1-62708-319-5
... slides. In this case, the post engages the slide block to move the core along the parting line for the mold. When the mold opens, the core retracts, leaving a perpendicular hole to what is formed by using tool actions in the mold. Fig. 6.21 Computer-calculated temperature distribution...
Abstract
The conversion of feedstock into a shape involves the application of heat and pressure, and possibly solvents. This chapter discusses the operating principle, advantages, limitations, and applications of such shaping processes, namely additive manufacturing, cold isostatic pressing, die compaction, extrusion, injection molding, slip casting, slurry processes, and tape casting. Information on equipment setup, requirements, and the various factors influencing these processes are described. In addition, the chapter provides information on novel approaches and processing costs applicable to these shaping processes.
Book Chapter
Book: Systems Failure Analysis
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sfa.t52780147
EISBN: 978-1-62708-268-6
... of determining dimensions and tolerances is usually assigned to the computer-aided design (CAD) operator. In most companies, CAD operators do not analyze what is required to make the system work under worst-case tolerance conditions. The CAD operators typically select tolerances based on a set of standardized...
Abstract
In some cases, the failure analysis team finds that all components meet their requirements, the system was properly assembled, and it was not operated or tested in an out-of-specification manner, yet it still failed. When this occurs, the only conclusion the failure analysis team can reach is that it missed something in its analysis or that the design is defective. This chapter focuses on the latter possibility by discussing the various factors that a failure analysis team should consider to identify the causes of defects in system design. These include requirements identification and verification, circuit performance, mechanical failures, materials compatibility, and environmental factors. Examples that illustrate the value of design analysis are also presented.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
..., Machine Stock, Tolerances, and Contraction or Shrink Rule The draft is a taper that is perpendicular to the parting plane to enable the release of the mold from the pattern. The concept-component computer-aided design (CAD) model is invariably without the parting plane and the draft unless...
Abstract
The casting engineer contributes to a successful component design by offering expertise in molding, core making, and material characteristics and by recommending the most suitable casting process to use to meet quality and cost targets. The casting engineer's responsibilities include recommending locator positioning; advising about lugs, hooks, or holes for casting handling through all processes; determining the choice of a parting plane and pouring orientation; designing cores for accurate positioning, suitable venting, and proper cleaning; guiding decisions about wall thicknesses and junctions; making suggestions about casting design to eliminate distortion; optimizing the gating design for slag-free metal; and establishing the feeding techniques to eliminate shrink porosity. This chapter provides the guidelines for these responsibilities. In addition, the guidelines for the use of chaplets and chills in cast iron castings; guidelines for drafts, machine stock, tolerances, and contraction or shrink rule; and guidelines for pattern layouts and nesting are also covered.