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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htcma.t52080359
EISBN: 978-1-62708-304-1
... susceptible to corrosion. This chapter describes some of the problems that the pulp and paper industry has solved as well as ongoing issues and concerns. It includes an in-depth review of 304L cladding failures involving coextruded composite tubes used as floor tunes in the lower furnace, as superheater tubes...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htcma.t52080003
EISBN: 978-1-62708-304-1
... mills, and so forth. With automatic controls for gas metal arc welding machines, a large scale of weld overlay can be applied in vessels or boilers with engineering quality. Laser cladding can also be applied in the shop on large equipment such as waterwall panels. Coextruded composite tubes...
Image
Published: 01 August 2012
Fig. 9.29 Tube hydroforming (THF) tooling composition. (a) Major THF tooling components. (b) Typical tooling for engine cradle. (c) Detailed tooling cross section. Source: Ref 9.18 , 9.19 More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htcma.t52080335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-304-1
... that causes serious corrosion problems for boiler tube materials. Gaseous combustion products include N 2 , O 2 , CO 2 , H 2 O, SO 2 , HCl, HF, and other gaseous impurities such as CO and HBr. These gaseous constituents are often measured by plant operators. Examples of these flue gas compositions measured...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htcma.t52080321
EISBN: 978-1-62708-304-1
... point could be reduced to about 500 °C (930 °F) when the ratio became less than 3 to 4. This is illustrated in Fig. 11.3 ( Ref 8 ). The analysis of the chemical compositions (wt%) of the deposits that formed on the superheater tubes when the boiler was fired with fuel oils with various ratios of (Na+S...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.t52860095
EISBN: 978-1-62708-338-6
...</italic><sub>12</sub> and <italic>F</italic><sup>c</sup><sub>LT</sub> The preferred test for determining longitudinal shear properties of filament-wound composites is axial torsion of a hoop-wound tube in accordance with ASTM D 5448 ( Fig. 8.3 , group III-d). The specimen shown in Fig. 8.7 with potted-in ends...
Book Chapter

By James Leslie
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.t52860081
EISBN: 978-1-62708-338-6
..., couplings, and cryogenic tubing. composite composite fabrication technology couplings cryogenic tube drill pipe drive shafts filament-wound struts hydraulic cylinders quality control satellite components tubular structures void-free structures Introduction The technology...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430087
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... on various steels and alloys, covering cost, engineering specifications, and ease of use. boiler tubes chemical composition condenser tubes materials selection steel 4.1 Introduction Boiler technologies developed over time are known as subcritical, super-critical (SC), ultra-supercritical...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... diffraction, and neutron diffraction. These techniques provide information on the chemical composition of the material, microstructure and phase analysis, and also the surface characteristics. From a failure investigation point of view, the characterization of boiler tubes entails the determination...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.atia.t59340375
EISBN: 978-1-62708-427-7
... product in 1963 slowed the growth. Vinyl was cheaper than aluminum and solved the denting problem inherent with metal sheet. Today aluminum represents, at best, a small portion of the market for house siding. Vinyl has taken the lower part of the market, and engineered wood/composite materials have...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.9781627082532
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ex2.t69980195
EISBN: 978-1-62708-342-3
... with additives of arsenic, cadmium, and nickel are very important as bearing metals. Table 5.1 gives recommended lead alloys for the extrusion of rod, wire, tubes, sections, and cable sheathing. Lead alloys are extruded with deformation temperatures in the range 100 to 260 °C, depending on the composition...
Image
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 3.21 Scanning electron micrograph (backscattered electron image) showing the oxide scales formed on the outside diameter of the heat-exchanger tube (from the same batch of tubes that showed surface chromium depletion) exposed to air for 6 months. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX More
Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 14.5 Microstructures obtained with the use of thermomechanical processing in seamless tubes with a basic composition of approx. C = 0.15%, Mn = 1.5%, Si = 0.45% and microalloying additions of vanadium, niobium, and titanium, as indicated in the figures. Samples (a) to (c) present More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cw.t51820077
EISBN: 978-1-62708-339-3
... are modified versions of Group I alloys; and Group III alloys, which contain very low interstitial element contents or stabilizing elements for improved corrosion resistance and weldability. Tables 1 through 4 list the compositions of ferritic stainless steels. Figure 1 shows the relationships among...
Image
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 10.9 Scanning electron microscopy backscattered electrons image of the corrosion products showing initiation of sulfidation attack on the tube, where pitting attack was observed on the tube surface as shown in Fig. 10.8 Chemical compositions of the phases of the corrosion products More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200298
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
... in a permanent steel mold normally solidify faster than a static casting poured into a sand mold, consequently, the tube usually has higher strength and ductility. Compositional variance within the specification limits also influences these properties ( 3 ). Typical Tensile Properties and Hardness at Room...
Image
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 12.12 Scanning electron micrograph (backscattered electron image) showing the deposits and corrosion scales formed on a carbon steel (SA178A) superheater tube suffering severe tube-wall wastage. Chemical compositions at different locations were analyzed by energy-dispersive x-ray More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.atia.t59340429
EISBN: 978-1-62708-427-7
... process for such tanks includes: DC casting of 18 cm (7 in.) diameter logs, cutting into billets of about 14.5 kg (32 lbs). Heating and hot indirect extrusion to form a thick wall tube with a bottom, similar in nature to impact extrusion ( Fig. 19.1a ). The open cylinders are washed thoroughly...
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Published: 30 September 2023
Figure 10.23: Complex canning arrangement, including composite billet for extruding tungsten tubes at 1210°C. More