Fig. 13 Cleavage fracture in a low-carbon steel, seen through an SEM. Cleavage fracture in a notched impact specimen of hot-rolled 1040 steel broken at –196 °C (–320 °F), shown at three magnifications. The specimen was tilted at an angle of 40° to the electron beam. The cleavage planes More

Fig. 12 Cleavage-fracture model showing fracture direction, cleavage planes, and low-angle grain or subgrain boundary. Source: Ref 9 More

Fig. 2.34 Effect of quasi-cleavage—mixed cleavage and microvoid coalescence—on the fracture surface appearance of 17-PH stainless steel. TEM p-c replica, 4900× More

Fig. 35 Examples of cleavage fractures. (a) Twist boundary, cleavage steps, and river patterns in an Fe-0.01C-0.24Mn-0.02Si alloy that was fractured by impact. (b) Tongues (arrows) on the surface of a 30% Cr steel weld metal that fractured by cleavage. Source: Ref 18 More

Fig. 36 Cleavage fracture in Armco iron showing a tilt boundary, cleavage steps, and river patterns. Transmission electron microscopy replica. Source: Ref 18 More

Fig. 12 Scanning electron micrograph of cleavage cracking More

Fig. 7 (a) Cleavage region observed in low-carbon steel. (b) Magnification of the region delimited by the rectangle in (a) showing an inclusion in the center of the cleavage region More

Fig. 5.10 SEM micrograph of a cleavage fracture surface on a 1018 steel. Original magnification 160× More

Fig. 18.21 Hydrogen-embrittled steels. (a) Transgranular cleavage fracture in a hydrogen-embrittled annealed type 301 austenitic stainless steel. (b) Intergranular decohesive fracture in 4130 steel heat treated to 1280 MPa (185 ksi) and stessed at 980 MPa (142 ksi) while being charged More

Fig. 44 SEM image of PM martensitic 410 surface with cleavage type fracture associated with a high degree of brittleness More

Fig. 7 Cleavage fracture in hardened steel, viewed under the scanning electron microscope. Note progression of “river” marks in the direction of arrow. Grain boundaries were crossed without apparent effect. Original magnification at 2000× More

Fig. 19.21 Flat cleavage facets and microvoids on fracture surface of 4340 steel containing 0.003% P and tempered at 350 °C (662 °F). Specimen was broken by impact loading at room temperature. Source: Ref 19.49 More

Fig. 19.32 Transgranular cleavage facets in as-quenched martensite of 10B22 steel charged with hydrogen and subjected to tensile testing. The arrows point to secondary fracture in the large cleavage facets. SEM micrograph. Source: Ref 19.107 More

Fig. 10.6 Fractograph revealing typical transgranular cleavage and ductile river markings and flutes associated with aqueous chloride SCC in α/β titanium alloys. Source: Ref 10.6 More

Fig. 18.22 Flutes and intergranular cleavage resulting from SCC of β-annealed Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V in methanol. Source: Ref 18.10 More

Fig. 13 Cleavage fracture in hardened steel showing numerous “river” marks. The overall direction of crack propagation is in the direction of the arrow (i.e., downstream). New river patterns are created where grain boundaries were crossed. 125×. More

Fig. 13.6 Nucleation of basal cleavage by (a) bend-plane splitting and (b) dislocation pileups. Source: Aldinger 1979 More

Fig. 2.30 Cleavage fracture from bend testing of 201 nickel in hydrogen atmosphere. (a) Ledgelike character of cleavage facets with small tongues on the bright facet (SEM, original magnification at 2000×). (b) Lower magnification view (original magnification at 500×) with higher-magnification More

Fig. 2.31 Cleavage fracture in Armco iron broken at −196 °C (−321 °F), showing river patterns, tongues, and (from bottom right to top left) a grain boundary. TEM p-c replica, 3000× More

Fig. 2.33 Cleavage fracture in a low-carbon martensitic steel. (a) Light microscope cross section with nickel plating at top showing the fracture profile. (b) Direct light photograph. (c) Direct SEM fractograph. (d) Light fractograph of replica. (e) SEM fractograph of replica. (f) TEM More