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certification
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870489
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
... Abstract This chapter discusses design and certification considerations, including materials and process selection, the building block approach to certification, design allowables, and design guidelines. It also includes information on damage tolerance and environmental sensitivity...
Image
Published: 01 July 2000
Fig. 5.30 Standard ASTM potentiodynamic anodic polarization plot for certification of potentiostat performance. Type 430 stainless steel in 1 N H 2 SO 4 at 30 °C. Scan rate of 600 mV/h. Test curve is to lie within the shaded region. Redrawn from Ref 27
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Book Chapter
Book: Systems Failure Analysis
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sfa.t52780075
EISBN: 978-1-62708-268-6
... if the product was built using the correct process. Certificates of conformance: In many instances, manufacturers do not have raw material, component, or dimensional data on items provided by suppliers. Manufacturers instead rely on a certificate of conformance from the supplier. A certificate...
Abstract
A product pedigree describes its design and how it was built and shows that it was built in accordance with the drawings and other documentation defining the product configuration. Evaluating the pedigree of a failed product can help to rule in or rule out hypothesized failure causes. This chapter describes various areas that can be examined by the failure analysis team to assess the pedigree of the failed system. If the failure analysis team suspects product pedigree anomalies it should confirm conformance through independent means.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200065
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
... Abstract This chapter discusses the role of standards and specifications for steel castings. It defines specifications and discusses how certification, testing, examination, methods, practices, procedures, compositions, properties, facilities, statistical process control, and documentation...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of standards and specifications for steel castings. It defines specifications and discusses how certification, testing, examination, methods, practices, procedures, compositions, properties, facilities, statistical process control, and documentation relate to codes and standards. The chapter describes processes involved in the selection of specifications for steel castings. Further, it provides information on the cost of specifications.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610377
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
..., damage tolerance, and testing and certification. composite laminates continuous carbon-fiber composites continuous-fiber polymer-matrix composites damage tolerance fatigue failure mechanisms A COMPOSITE MATERIAL can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that results...
Abstract
Unlike metals, in which fatigue failures are due to a single crack that grows to a critical length, the effects of fatigue in composites are much more distributed and varied. As the chapter explains, there are five major damage mechanisms that contribute to the progression of composite fatigue, those being matrix cracking, fiber breaking, crack coupling, delamination initiation, and delamination growth. The chapter describes each mechanism in detail along with related factors. It also discusses the primary differences between composites and metals, the effect of manufacturing defects, damage tolerance, and testing and certification.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.wip.t65930085
EISBN: 978-1-62708-359-1
... procedures, performance, and limitations of NDE. It provides information on the training and certification of NDE operators, evaluation of test results, and guidance to method selection. Typical examples of various NDE methods for welds are also described. nondestructive evaluation welded joints...
Abstract
Welded joints in any component or structure require a thorough inspection. The role of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) in the inspection of welds is very important, and the technology has become highly developed as a result. This article describes the applications, methods, evaluation procedures, performance, and limitations of NDE. It provides information on the training and certification of NDE operators, evaluation of test results, and guidance to method selection. Typical examples of various NDE methods for welds are also described.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tstap.t56040101
EISBN: 978-1-62708-428-4
... and provides examples of the best practice confirmed by hundreds of tests performed worldwide, adopted by numerous industrial standards, and requested to comply with international technical standardization and certification organizations such ISO, AS, SAE, and Nadcap. bond strength bond testing thermal...
Abstract
This article addresses critical aspects in bond testing of thermal spray coatings and provides step-by-step guidance for obtaining representative and reproducible test results based on ASTM C633 and other applicable industry standards. It clarifies details of ASTM C633 requirements and provides examples of the best practice confirmed by hundreds of tests performed worldwide, adopted by numerous industrial standards, and requested to comply with international technical standardization and certification organizations such ISO, AS, SAE, and Nadcap.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200220
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
...-destructive examination personnel. The following are elements of a QA program. Incoming Materials Incoming materials are controlled by: Purchasing requirements included with purchase orders to suppliers Certificates of properties furnished by suppliers to show compliance to purchase order...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120289
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
...: www.iram.com.ar IRAM is the Argentine standardization institute and is authorized by the government to deal, both in national and international ambits, with all the affairs related to standardization and quality control certification. Argentine standards will be preceded by IRAM. Some standards in Argentina...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200078
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
.... Pattern delivery If the castings are to be supplied to special process specifications, any or all of the following additional requirements should be requested: Chemistry certification Mechanical test certification Brinell hardness ranges and test location Impact test, type...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.piht2.t55050281
EISBN: 978-1-62708-311-9
... that businesses be established and operated in a manner that satisfies specific requirements. Independent certified trainers and auditors have been established to help businesses operate according to the principles of the programs. The ISO certification requirements are based on the European and now worldwide...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htpa.t53310001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-346-1
... Influence Source Uncertainty of the standardized hardness test block, u CRM Calibration certificate of the standardized hardness test block Standard uncertainty of the hardness testing machine during the measurement of the standardized hardness test block, u H Measurement results...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the history of hardness testing and defines the term hardness. It describes the interrelationship between material structure and hardness and the relationships between hardness and other mechanical material properties. In addition, information on the hardness unit and traceability of the hardness measurement are provided.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270003
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
... selection, materials certification, processing operations such as casting, forming, joining, machining, heat treatment, surface treatment, and so forth. Service abnormalities and abuses also play a major role in addition to environmental factors. The personnel responsible for the quality assurance...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the importance of failure analysis and the role it plays in a society driven by technological advancement. It explains why failure rates are highest in the early and later stages of the life of any product and shows the extent to which failure rates increase when products are subjected to an aggressive operating environment.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.t55030360
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
... by a competent person before it is used again The name of the competent person certifying the written scheme The date of the certification of the written scheme Inspection Strategy As mentioned previously, it is important that inspection activities are planned as far as possible. Additionally...
Abstract
This chapter concentrates almost exclusively on inspection techniques related to pressure vessels and pipework. The discussion covers the general aspects associated with inspection and the key factors relevant to it. In addition, the chapter addresses processes involved in data collection and management, namely data acquisition, reporting, trending, reviewing, and auditing. Capabilities and limitations of in-service inspection techniques are discussed in the Appendix to this chapter.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ex2.t69980551
EISBN: 978-1-62708-342-3
... requirements can be integrated. The goal must be not only to obtain a certificate of compliance but also to create a management tool that can be constructively used by the employees and that brings the desired results to the organization. In order to develop a practical and acceptable QMS, the opportunities...
Abstract
The aim of every extrusion plant is the efficient production of competitive products that meet the appropriate quality requirements. This chapter discusses the processes involved in the selection and introduction of a quality management system, along with its application, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes the process chain for order processing within the quality circle and provides information on product liability legal issues. In addition, the chapter discusses the processes involved in quality control, along with its organization, responsibilities, audits, and testing.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htpa.t53310091
EISBN: 978-1-62708-346-1
... admissible length of the line of junction “a” of Vickers indenters Table 4 Maximum admissible length of the line of junction “a” of Vickers indenters Ranges of the test force F , N Maximum admissible length of the line of junction “a,” mm Indication in the calibration certificate F...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of nondestructive hardness testing methods for metals, including electromagnetic impulse testing, photothermal testing, scratch hardness testing, and ultrasonic contact impedance testing. It also discusses the use of ultrasound to determine the depth of hardening in a metal or alloy. The chapter reviews methods used to check and calibrate hardness testing machines and indenters and the use of hardness reference blocks for verification and calibration of test machines. It also addresses conversion of hardness values determined by one method to equivalent values for a different method.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.t51060001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-355-3
.... This precision and accuracy should be ensured by current calibration certification. For grips, of which many types are in common use in tensile testing, only two rules apply: the grips must properly fit the specimens (or vice versa), and they must have sufficient force capacity so that they are not damaged...
Abstract
Tensile tests are performed for several reasons related to materials development, comparison, selection, and quality control. The properties derived from tensile tests are used in selecting materials for engineering applications. Tensile properties often are used to predict or estimate the behavior of a material under forms of loading other than uniaxial tension. This chapter provides a brief overview of tensile specimens and test machines, stress-strain curves, true stress and strain, and test methodology and data analysis.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
... values of mechanical properties taken from books and material certifications are less desirable substitutes for a tensile test and chemical composition analysis of the actual material involved in the failure. In addition, the streamlining and cost-reduction concepts of many industries over the last 20...
Abstract
Failure analysis is a systematic investigative procedure using the scientific method to identify the causes of a failure. This chapter begins by exploring what failure analysis is followed by a section describing the sequence of stages in the investigation and analysis of failure and the three principles that must be carefully followed during the analysis. It then provides information on the normal location of fracture and concludes with a list of questions to ask about fractures.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.t51060065
EISBN: 978-1-62708-355-3
... range. Verification also implies certification that a machine meets stated accuracy requirements. Valid verification requires device calibration by skilled personnel who are knowledgeable about testing machines, related instruments, and the proper use of device calibration standards (such as ASTM E 74...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the current technology and examines force application systems, force measurement, strain measurement, important instrument considerations, gripping of test specimens, test diagnostics, and the use of computers for gathering and reducing data. The influence of the machine stiffness on the test results is also described, along with a general assessment of test accuracy, precision, and repeatability of modern equipment. The chapter discusses various types of testing machines and their operations. Emphasis is placed on strain-sensing equipment. The chapter briefly describes load condition factors, such as strain rate, machine rigidity, and various testing modes by load control, speed control, strain control, and strain-rate control. It provides a description of environmental chambers for testing and discusses the processes involved in the force verification of universal testing machines. Specimen geometries and standard tensile tests are also described.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060407
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
Abstract
This chapter addresses some of the challenges involved in materials selection, providing context for much of the information presented in the book. It describes a typical four-step design scenario, noting material-related considerations and information needs. It explains how design decisions are complicated by the interconnected nature of material properties, design geometry, and manufacturing requirements and effects. The chapter also assesses the design impact of several materials and discusses codes, standards, and specifications.
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