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cell cycle planning
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aceg.t68410151
EISBN: 978-1-62708-280-8
...: tipper cycle planning and table or cell cycle planning. gravity permanent mold castings core boxes cooling de-coring de-gating tipper cycle planning cell cycle planning The gravity permanent mold (GPM) process is the most versatile, cost competitive process capable of producing very high...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the various factors pertinent to gravity permanent mold (GPM) castings, along with their advantages, limitations, and significance. The discussion covers the geometric factors, process and manufacturing elements, gating practices, and feeding principles of and pouring systems in GPM. The influences of mold coatings on GPM and low pressure permanent mold castings are described. The chapter also discusses various processes involved in the engineering of core boxes and cooling of GPM for casting integrity and cycle time control. It provides information on some of the processes involved in post-casting operations, namely de-coring and de-gating. The key design aspects for consideration in water quenching during the T6 heat treatment are reviewed. The chapter also provides information on two critical cycle events important in engineering at the manufacturing facility: tipper cycle planning and table or cell cycle planning.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ceeg.t59370177
EISBN: 978-1-62708-447-5
... machine. The chapter also provides an overview of the high-volume rotary table, high-volume production rotary manufacturing cell, cycle time planning, sizes of tilt pour machine and table, and improvement of turntable uptime. It also presents some of the common semipermanent molded castings. casting...
Abstract
The gravity permanent mold (GPM) process produces castings of high strength and integrity with good surface finish and consistent dimensions. This chapter lists castings produced using GPM and semipermanent mold (SPM). It illustrates the basic elements of a conventional tilt pour machine. The chapter also provides an overview of the high-volume rotary table, high-volume production rotary manufacturing cell, cycle time planning, sizes of tilt pour machine and table, and improvement of turntable uptime. It also presents some of the common semipermanent molded castings.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110506
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... through the test flow to provide important differentiations in the failure mode. This should include algorithms to identify which aggressor operations activated which victim bit cells, and write vs. read cycle analysis. It should also include test variables such as voltage, temperature, and timing...
Abstract
Semiconductor memories are superb drivers for process yield and reliability improvement because of their highly structured architecture and use of aggressive layout rules. This combination provides outstanding failure signature analysis possibilities for the entire design, manufacturing, and test process. This article discusses five key disciplines of the signature analysis process that need to be orchestrated within the organization: design for test practices, test floor data collection methodology, post-test data analysis tools, root cause theorization, and physical failure analysis strategies.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aceg.9781627082808
EISBN: 978-1-62708-280-8
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aceg.t68410253
EISBN: 978-1-62708-280-8
... control plan Phase 4. Product Launch Analysis of variance, monitoring, and control Process capability study Machining feedback and corrections Ramp up to run multi-stations in the cell Run at rate confirmation Phase 5. Continuous Improvement Things gone right and things...
Abstract
This chapter is a detailed account of various factors pertinent to the development and launch of a product. It begins by describing the five phases in the product launch process, namely product design and development, process design and development, product and process validation, product launch, and continuous improvement. This is followed by sections covering product-process flow diagrams and also the process elements considered for process failure mode and effects analysis. Some of the aspects covered by the engineering specifications to meet the product performance requirements are then reviewed. Details on product validation requirements and definitions of parameters related to the launch process are also provided. The chapter discusses the purpose of manufacturing control plan, along with an illustration of a manufacturing control plan outlined for a safety-critical suspension casting. It ends with an overview of the contents of a program launch manual.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.horfi.t51180197
EISBN: 978-1-62708-256-3
.... blistering. See hydrogen blistering. body-centered cubic. See cell. brittle. Permitting little or no plastic (permanent) deformation prior to fracture. brittleness. The tendency of a material to fracture without rst undergoing plastic deformation. Contrast with ductility. C carbonitriding. An elevated...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.horfi.9781627082563
EISBN: 978-1-62708-256-3
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110666
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... analysis, sampling plans, and other tools. Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) AQL (Acceptable Quality Level) specified by a sampling plan is designed to assess the quality level required (by the plan), and specifies the percent defective units accepted 95% of the time. Thus, lots greater than or equal...
Abstract
This chapter surveys both basic quality and basic reliability concepts as an introduction to the failure analysis professional. It begins with a section describing the distinction between quality and reliability and moves on to provide an overview of the concept of experiment design along with an example. The chapter then discusses the purposes of reliability engineering and introduces four basic statistical distribution functions useful in reliability engineering, namely normal, lognormal, exponential, and Weibull. It also provides information on three fundamental acceleration models used by reliability engineers: Arrhenius, Eyring, and power law models. The chapter concludes with information on failure rates and mechanisms and the two techniques for uncovering reliability issues, namely burn-in and outlier screening.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tstap.t56040020
EISBN: 978-1-62708-428-4
... of priority items that will enable industry and academia to develop improved products in terms of quality and performance at a lower life cycle cost. Many of these topics and additional research opportunities are addressed in an extensive thermal spray roadmap article published in the Journal of Thermal...
Abstract
This article summarizes the results of work completed by the ASM Thermal Spray Society Advisory Committee to identify key research challenges and opportunities in the thermal spray field. It describes and prioritizes research priorities related to emerging process methods, thermal spray markets and applications, and process robustness, reliability, and economics.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110262
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... the need for CAD-based FA techniques to isolate defects in ICs. Electrical Fault Isolation (EFI) becomes more and more complex with additional levels of interconnects, smaller feature sizes, and higher transistor densities in modern semiconductor devices. These challenges increase FA cycle time...
Abstract
Over the revolutionary era of semiconductor technology, Computer-Aided Design Navigation (CADNav) tools have played an increasingly critical role in silicon debug and failure analysis (FA) in efforts to improve manufacturing yield while reducing time-to-market for integrated circuit (IC) products. This article encompasses the key principles of CADNav for various aspects of semiconductor FA and its importance for improved yield and profitability. An overview of the required input data and formats are described for both IC and package devices, along with key considerations and best practices recommended for fast fault localization, accurate root cause analysis, FA equipment utilization, efficient cross-team collaboration, and database management. Challenges with an FA lab ecosystem are addressed by providing an integrated database and software platform that enable design layout and schematic analysis in the FA lab for quick and accurate navigation and cross-tool collaboration.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cub.t66910427
EISBN: 978-1-62708-250-1
... to the corrosion tests. These time and cost constraints can severely limit the options available in a corrosion test program. As the development cycle for products and processes is shortened, the time constraint on the corrosion test program becomes even more restrictive. The option of longer-term corrosion tests...
Abstract
Corrosion testing and monitoring are powerful tools in the fight to control corrosion. This chapter provides a general overview of three major categories of corrosion tests, namely laboratory tests, pilot-plant tests, and field tests. It begins with brief sections describing the purposes of corrosion tests, the logical steps in a test program, and the preparation and cleaning of test specimens. The focus then moves on to discuss the types and applications of these test categories and the associated evaluation procedures. Excluding electrochemical tests which are addressed separately in this chapter, the other laboratory tests covered under this category are simulated atmosphere tests, salt-spray tests, and immersion tests. Only corrosion testing in the atmosphere is discussed in the section on field tests. Corrosion monitoring techniques are finally considered, covering the characteristics of corrosion monitoring techniques, the factors to be considered in selecting a corrosion-monitoring method, and the strategies in corrosion monitoring.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.9781627082709
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.horfi.t51180061
EISBN: 978-1-62708-256-3
...: Ductile and brittle fracture Fatigue: high cycle, low cycle, thermal, corrosion, etc. Corrosion: uniform, pitting, selective leaching, intergranular, crevice (O 2 starvation), galvanic, concentration cell, temperature differential, bacterial and biofouling, erosion affected, etc. Liquid erosion...
Abstract
Statistics, data analysis, root cause analysis, and problem-solving processes play a key role in failure investigations. This chapter explains how to collect failure investigation data, how to build and maintain a database for company-related failures, and how to use corresponding statistics including type of failure, material, and root cause. It describes the purpose and benefits of conducting a root cause analysis and the factors, namely relative failure importance and company value, that determine when an investigation should be performed. The chapter also discusses the four-step problem-solving process as it applies to failure investigation, how to assemble an investigation team, and the details of organization and planning. It concludes with a case history of the Firestone 500 steel-belted tire failure, stressing the importance of a systematic approach to failure investigations.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ceeg.t59370059
EISBN: 978-1-62708-447-5
... on molding machines. The timing diagram shows the time saved by parallel processing of the drag and cope. Some operations are grouped for cycle time compression. Two separate production cells, one for the drag and another for the cope, can be engineered for maximum cycle time reduction. One single cell can...
Abstract
Molding flasks and other supplementary equipment are essential for molding complex shapes at competitive production rates and costs. This chapter addresses the design aspects of molding flasks and accessories, the features and handling accessories of molding machines, core making machines and innovations for productivity and quality, and automated core-setting aids.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.gmpm.t51250311
EISBN: 978-1-62708-345-4
..., it can simulate the most severe condition in the mesh. Because the specimens are cylindrical, this test is the least expensive to run in both cost and time. Hence, it is frequently used as a screening test, and its results are used to plan further gear testing. Test Equipment Figure 3 shows...
Abstract
Mechanical tests are performed to evaluate the durability of gears under load. The chapter first discusses the processes involved in the computations of stress for test parameters of gear. Next, the chapter reviews the four areas of specimen characterization of a test program, namely dimensional, surface finish texture, metallurgical, and residual stress. The following section presents the tests that simulate gear action, namely the rolling contact fatigue test, the single-tooth fatigue test, the single-tooth single-overload test, and the single-tooth impact test. Finally, the chapter describes the test procedures for surface durability (pitting), root strength (bending), and scoring (or scuffing) testing.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ex2.9781627083423
EISBN: 978-1-62708-342-3
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400289
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... ). It is also termed rapid manufacturing (RM), given its ability to achieve the fast and flexible production of prototypes and scale models of a physical part or assembly. Rudgley defines RM as “the manufacture of end-use products using AM techniques (solid imaging).” For the duration of a product life cycle...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pht2.t51440085
EISBN: 978-1-62708-262-4
... types because the proportioning types (regardless of the source of energy) permit much closer temperature control. A typical digital ramp-soak, programmable, single-point temperature controller is shown in Fig. 2 . The unit is capable of holding 49 heating/cooling cycles in memory, with each cycle...
Abstract
The temperature and atmosphere conditions must be precisely controlled in order to achieve the desired metallurgical results during heat treating operations. In order to ensure the repeatability of operation, a heat treating system must have the necessary sensors, timers, and variable (temperature, atmosphere, etc.) controllers to hold the process within prescribed or specified limits. This chapter discusses temperature and atmosphere sensors used in a heat treating system. The temperature sensors covered are contact and noncontact types. The atmosphere sensors covered are oxygen probe, dew point, and infrared. The chapter concludes with an overview of the development of integrated control systems.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.phtpp.t59380001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-456-7
... received on detectors such as thermocouples, thermopiles, thermistors, or photovoltaic cells. Radiation pyrometers are used more extensively in steel mill or foundry operations than in heat treating operations. However, they are used in heat treating operations such as induction processes for heating...
Abstract
Critical process variables must be controlled to ensure uniform and repeatable heat-treating results. This chapter covers the subject of controlling the heat-treating process. All heat-treating equipment utilizes various sensors, timers, and other components to monitor and control the process utilizing various control methods. The chapter focuses on temperature control and measurement, including a discussion about thermocouples and devices for measuring thermal and electrical conductivity.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ceeg.t59370021
EISBN: 978-1-62708-447-5
..., good control of the amount of return sand delivered for each cycle is important. Dosing controls the amount of return sand that is delivered into the muller; this is achieved in one of two ways: Varying the speed of the feed belt Dosing the hopper with a load cell for weight control 3.1.1...
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the elements and functions of sand conditioning equipment which are critical to achieving good quality castings. The sand conditioning equipment include sand muller; core sand mixers; sand conveyors and bucket elevators; sand aerators; mold conveyors; shakeout units; magnetic separators; lump breakers and core crushers; screens; sand coolers; sand reclamation systems; and sand hoppers.
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