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carburization
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htcma.t52080097
EISBN: 978-1-62708-304-1
... Abstract This chapter discusses the conditions under which carburization and metal dusting occur. It describes the chemical reactions and thermodynamic relationships that drive carburization and metal dusting attack and the factors that determine the amount of damage that metals and alloys...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the conditions under which carburization and metal dusting occur. It describes the chemical reactions and thermodynamic relationships that drive carburization and metal dusting attack and the factors that determine the amount of damage that metals and alloys are likely to sustain. The chapter also explains how carburization affects creep strength and fracture toughness, and how surface conditions and finish and the presence of sulfur affect metal dusting behaviors.
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in Sources of Failures in Carburized and Carbonitrided Components
> Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Published: 01 September 2008
Fig. 51 Effect of air ingression into the carburization atmosphere (N 2 /4% natural gas) on the decarburization of SAE 8620 after 2 h at 850 °C. Source: Ref 94
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in Conventional Heat Treatment—Basic Concepts
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 10.88 Transverse cross section of a carburized gear. The carburization treatment was applied to the teeth and the internal surface. The macrograph shows the thickness of the carburized layer and its homogeneity. Cracks at the root of the teeth are also visible. The rest of the steel
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.14 Carburization resistance of HK (25Cr-20Ni) and several HP alloys (Cr/Ni) as a function of temperature in pack carburization tests. Source: Ref 32
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.19 Carburization rate constants of several Fe-Ni-Cr alloys at 825 °C (1520 °F) in the test environment with a carbon activity of 0.8 and an oxygen potential such that SiO 2 is stable (but not Cr 2 O 3 ), as shown in Fig. 5.18 . Source: Ref 35
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.20 Carburization rate constants as a function of silicon content in the alloy for several Fe-Ni-Cr alloys tested at 825 °C (1520 °F) in the test environment with a carbon activity of 0.8 and an oxygen potential such that SiO 2 is stable (but not Cr 2 O 3 ), as shown in Fig. 5.18
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.21 Carburization rate constants of several Fe-Ni-Cr alloys at 1000 °C (1830 °F) in the test environment with a carbon activity of 0.8 and an oxygen potential such that SiO 2 is not stable as shown in Fig. 5.18 . Source: Ref 35
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.22 Carburization rate constants as a function of Ni to Cr + Fe ratio [Ni/(Cr + Fe)] for several Fe-Ni-Cr alloys tested at 1000 °C (1830 °F) in the test environment with a carbon activity of 0.8 and an oxygen potential such that SiO 2 is not stable as shown in Fig. 5.18 . Source: Ref
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.25 Results of carburization tests in H 2 -CH 4 mixtures ( a c = 0.8) at (a) 850 °C, (b) 1000 °C, and (c) 1100 °C for Fe-Ni-Cr alloys (800H, AC66, and DS) and nickel-base alloys (alloys 600H, 601, 602CA, 617, and 45TM). Source: Ref 29
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.27 Effect of nickel content on the carburization resistance of Fe-Ni-Cr alloys. Source: Ref 42
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.28 Effect of chromium on the carburization resistance of Fe-Ni-Cr alloys after testing in H 2 -2.5%CH 4 at 1050 °C (1920 °F) for 100 h. Source: Ref 42
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.29 Carburization resistance of several wrought and cast Fe-Cr-Ni alloys (Type 304, 321, HT, HU, and HK) after testing in dry ethane (C 2 H 6 ) for 24 h at temperatures from 880 to 1000 °C. Source: Ref 43
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.30 Effect of silicon on the carburization resistance of 25Cr-20Ni and 35Cr-25Ni-Nb alloys. Source: Ref 45
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.31 Effect of silicon on the carburization resistance of cast Fe-20Ni-Cr alloys tested at 1090 °C (2000 °F) for 24 h in wet ethane (C 2 H 6 ). Source: Ref 46
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.32 Effect of silicon on the carburization resistance of HK-40 with different silicon levels tested at 1100 °C (2010 °F) for 520 h in carbon granulate (pack carburization test). Source: Ref 47
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.37 Comparative carburization resistance of as-cast and machined tubes of alloys 30Cr-30Ni, 36X (Fe-0.4C-25Cr-34Ni-1.2Nb), and 36XS (Fe-0.4C-25Cr-34Ni-1.5Nb-1.5W) after 3 years of field testing in an ethylene pyrolysis furnace. Source: Ref 34
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.38 Effect of machining on the carburization resistance of cast HK-40 alloy. Source: Ref 56
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.40 Microhardness profile and optical micrograph showing severe carburization attack on the 316 specimen with the original as-received surface (solid circle data point) after testing at 649 °C (1200 °F) for 5000 h in He-1500 μatm H 2 -450 μatm CO-50 μatm CH 4 -50 μatm H 2 O. Also shown
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.42 Effect of sulfur on the carburization kinetics of Ni-30Cr alloy. Vertical axis is mass gain per unit area, and horizontal axis is exposure time in hour. The test began with oxidation at 1000 °C (1832 °F) in a CO-CO 2 environment for about 40 h, and then switched to carburization
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 5.44 Effect of H 2 S on the carburization behavior of HK-40 alloy. Source: Ref 35
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