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car body structures
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... Abstract This chapter briefly reviews the experience-based guidelines that were developed for forming and welding advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). It discusses the benefits of using HSS in car body structures and components that are analyzed by the performance indices developed...
Abstract
This chapter briefly reviews the experience-based guidelines that were developed for forming and welding advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). It discusses the benefits of using HSS in car body structures and components that are analyzed by the performance indices developed for materials selection.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.atia.t59340303
EISBN: 978-1-62708-427-7
..., Amtrak , 7 Sept 2016 13.17 Hou J. and Strickland J. , FSW and its Applications in Aluminium Car Body Structures , Shanghai Railway Forum , 24 Aug 2011 13.18 Faulkner J.F. and Johnson E.W. , Military Vehicles and Equipment , Aluminum Handbook , 1967 , p 459...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... by replacing heavy steel components in body structures, closure panels, chassis, wheels, bumpers, and suspension parts with lightweight materials made from ferrous and nonferrous alloys, polymers, and composites. The overall weight of a car is distributed among its body (40%), chassis (25%), power train (15...
Abstract
This chapter provides information on the major drivers for automakers and the solutions to address these industry drivers and meet their business goals. It discusses the importance of steel in the industry and briefly describes the development and significance of advanced high-strength steels for the industry.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700159
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... on the utilization and trends of AHSS in vehicle bodies and closures. advanced high-strength steels vehicle components ADVANCED HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS (AHSS) are best used for strong structural applications where light weighting enhances the performance of a product. In addition to the automotive industry...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the nomenclature of different vehicle components helpful in identifying the target applications and discusses the implementation of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) in automotive and nonautomotive industries. In addition, the chapter provides information on the utilization and trends of AHSS in vehicle bodies and closures.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790123
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
... structure. Twenty-three tons of type 301 stainless steel was used in its construction. The stainless steel car body was built primarily with steel as thin as 0.012 inch, formed and spot welded to make hollow square and rectangular subsections ( Fig. 30 ), which were then joined by spot welding. The hollow...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the work of a famous stainless steel pioneer, Edward G. Budd. The discussion covers his early years, his automobile body business, the arrival of novel kind of stainless steel in America, Earl Ragsdale's shot weld patent, the world's first stainless steel airplane, the world's first stainless steel rubber-tired train, the Flying Yankee, the Mark Twain Zephyr, the development of the Budd Company in the war years and postwar years, and a review of the Budd Era.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.atia.t59340265
EISBN: 978-1-62708-427-7
... per year, was accomplished with a low degree of automation. About 75% of the production was hand assembly. The Audi A8 (D2) was produced from 1994 until 2002. The aluminum body had a weight of 249 kg (BiW plus closures), about 200 kg less than a steel body-in-white (BiW) structure without closures...
Abstract
This chapter describes the different aluminum products used to manufacture modern automobile components. It discusses how automakers use these products to reduce weight, improve performance, and manage production costs. It also reflects on the changes in the aluminum industry, automakers, and their relationships. Organized by product type—castings, sheet, and extrusions—each section of the chapter describes the relevant alloys, tempers, and properties required to meet specific needs for component parts and final assembly.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ex2.t69980009
EISBN: 978-1-62708-342-3
..., any partial cold working of magnesium components, as is necessary, for example, for the aluminum alloy side door beam in Fig. 2.24 , in the section “ Passenger Cars ,” is practically impossible because of this hexagonal lattice structure. Magnesium alloys naturally have good machining characteristics...
Abstract
The hot-working process extrusion is used to produce semifinished products in the form of bar, strip, and solid sections, as well as tubes and hollow sections. The first part of this chapter describes the composition, properties, and applications of tin and lead extruded products with a deformation temperature range of 0 to 300 deg C and magnesium and aluminum extruded products with a working temperature range of 300 to 600 deg C. The second part focuses on copper alloy extruded products, extruded titanium alloy products, and extruded products in iron alloys with a working temperature range of 600 to 1300 deg C.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200007
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
.... It withstands continuous pulling forces up to 500,000 lb (226,796 kg). Strength requirements for coupler bodies are 700,000 lb (318,181 kg) yield load, and 900,000 lb (409,091 kg) without fracture. The freight car truck consisting of two side frames and one bolster may be seen in Figures 2-1 and 2-5...
Abstract
Steel castings are produced in thousands of designs for different applications. They fill needs in many industries, including transportation, construction machinery, earthmoving equipment, rolling mills, mining, oil and gas exploration, and power generation. This chapter touches upon the variety of applications for which steel castings can be supplied and the ranges of casting size and complexity. Photographs in this chapter provide an understanding of these applications, their size and complexity, and the types of cast steels produced.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790193
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
... line started, albeit with few skilled workers and apparently not a lot of training. Meanwhile, DeLorean dealerships were being lined up exclusively in the United States, in New Jersey, Michigan, and California. The futuristic, streamlined car with its gleaming stainless steel body and gull-wing doors...
Abstract
Stainless steels have a wide variety of applications for household products, food-handling equipment, major appliances, medical equipment, and industrial equipment. Stainless is also featured in many architectural designs and monuments. Many of the most important applications of stainless steel can be found in the transportation industry, where both the cutlery martensitic and the chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels have been used. This chapter provides a detailed discussion on these applications.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700199
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... of the FSV concept car. Fig. 13.4 The FutureSteelVehicle (FSV). Source: Ref 13.2 In May 2011, the global steel industry released results of the FSV program. The results ( Ref 13.2 ) were: The concept body structure met all targets for crashworthiness and achieved a mass savings of 35...
Abstract
This chapter provides information on ultra-light steel family research programs conducted by the global steel industry under the umbrella of WorldAutoSteel. It discusses the collaboration efforts between U.S government, industry, and academia on advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) technology. Some of the projects on AHSS research and development are also reviewed.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
... electrical energy from sites of power generation. Within a few decades, a third important application area was made possible by the invention of the airplane by the Wright brothers. This gave birth to an entirely new industry which grew in partnership with the aluminum industry development of structurally...
Abstract
Aluminum is the second most widely used metal in the world. It is readily available, offers a wide range of properties, and can be shaped, coated, and joined using a variety of methods. This chapter discusses some of the key attributes of wrought and cast aluminum alloys and the classifications, designations, and grades of available product forms. It also explains how aluminum alloys are used in aerospace, automotive, rail, and marine applications as well as in building and construction, electrical products, manufacturing equipment, packaging, and consumer durables such as appliances and furniture.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320305
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
... and the electric energy consumption (kilowatt-hour per mile) of EVs and PHEVs linearly with the extent of mass reduction. Lightweighting to reduce the sprung mass is achieved by replacing low-carbon rolled steel body structures with high-strength steel; eliminating or downsizing the engine and its accessories...
Abstract
Iron and steel have been the most useful materials to meet the needs of several industries for many decades. Each iron and steel alloy offers unique attributes that make them the best choice for an application. This chapter provides an overview of each ferrous alloy—gray iron, malleable iron, compacted graphite iron (CGI), ductile iron, austempered ductile iron (ADI), and carbon steel and low-alloy steel; its versatile attributes; and its individual applications. A large section of the chapter covers the impact of electric vehicles on the future of the iron and steel castings industry, including discussion on electric vehicle categories and weights; impact of center of gravity on stability and steering; lightweighting incentives; and engineering for improved suspension.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aceg.t68410001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-280-8
... in automobiles in Europe is projected to increase by 7 to 12% in the next four years. Subsequent years are projected to see a growth of at least 18%. Much of this growth comes from body structures, as manufacturers replace steel subframes and shock towers with aluminum vacuum die cast castings (Source Ref. 1...
Abstract
Casting is one of the most economical manufacturing processes for providing shape to components of machinery and is used in a wide range of industries. This chapter is a brief account of the advantages, applications, limitations, and market growth of aluminum casting. It also provides information on the process of conversion of steel and iron parts to aluminum.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
...). Personal experiences in everyday life can attest to the cost of these three modes of failure. The highest monthly costs for average families in the United States are for housing, food, and vehicles (usually). Driving a new car in the United States costs about $5,000/year; the average cost of a new car...
Abstract
This chapter provides information on the biennial International Wear of Materials Conference, which is the inspiration for this book. It reviews the fundamentals of tribology, tribosystems, and related terminology. The glossary at the end of this chapter is intended to familiarize readers with some of the fundamental tribology terms that will be repeated throughout this book.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... challenged by plastics and aluminum. In 2010, approximately 90 kg (200 lb) of aluminum was used in an average car made in the United States. The long-term goal of the aluminum community is an all-aluminum chassis, known as a “body in white.” The most notable example of an aluminum chassis is the high-end...
Abstract
Engineers have many materials to choose from when dealing with weight-related design constraints. The list includes aluminum, beryllium, magnesium, and titanium alloys as well as engineering plastics, structural ceramics, and polymer-, metal-, and ceramic-matrix composites. This chapter provides a brief overview of these lightweight materials, discussing their primary advantages along with their properties, behaviors, and limitations.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.t52860081
EISBN: 978-1-62708-338-6
... has been successfully used in filament-wound structures. Note that fully wound end domes, cylindrical body windings, as well as only hoop-reinforced pressure bottles are shown. The Extended Range Interceptor (ERINT) thrusters shown in Fig. 7.7 illustrate filament winding directly onto the propellant...
Abstract
The technology of fabricating composite hardware and structures by filament winding has evolved empirically through the development and manufacturing of specific components. This chapter reviews areas of technology used in building composite parts and discusses the processes from which the current technology was derived. The discussion covers quality control requirements for composite fabrication technology and cleanliness standards in the workplace. It describes technology developed for specific components, including satellites struts, aircraft hydraulic cylinders, drill pipe, drive shafts, couplings, and cryogenic tubing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790251
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
... Stainless Steel Bibliography / 255 of Construction, Edward G. Budd Manufacturing Company, Philadelphia, Pa., 1950 Ragsdale, E.J.W., and Dean, A.G., Rail Car Body (stainless steel), U.S. Patent 2,129,235, Sept. 6, 1938 Report on Inspection of Corrosion-Resistant Steels in Architectural and Structural...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310225
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... Abstract This chapter is a detailed account of the applications of stainless steel in automotive and transport systems. The discussion covers exhaust systems, structural components, automotive components, trucks, and rail transport. stainless steel automotive exhaust systems automotive...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700249
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... with AHSS in body structures of all cars produced worldwide would save 142 billion kg (156 million tons) of CO 2 equivalents. To put that in a LCA perspective, reducing vehicle weight by 117 kg (258 lb) would reduce its lifetime cycle emissions by 2000 kg (2.2 tons) of CO 2 equivalents. This means...
Abstract
Improvement in processing, material substitution, light weighting, and recycling have contributed immensely to the cause of sustainability in the materials cycle. This chapter discusses some of the key indicators of sustainability that have direct relevance to advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) used in a vehicle. The discussion covers the major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, production routes for manufacturing crude steel, and an optimized index guideline for selecting the best material. Details on the benefits of AHSS on the life cycle of vehicles are provided. The chapter also provides information on recycling and the economics of AHSS.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790101
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
... a Day at a Time , Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 2002 Abstract This chapter describes the making of iconic structures such as the Chrysler Building. It also describes the discoveries of the Nirosta (18-8) stainless steel that was used for the construction of the Chrysler Building...
Abstract
This chapter describes the making of iconic structures such as the Chrysler Building. It also describes the discoveries of the Nirosta (18-8) stainless steel that was used for the construction of the Chrysler Building. The chapter presents William Van Alen's description of 18-8 stainless steel for the Chrysler Building. It provides information on the opening ceremonies for the Chrysler Building, Van Alen's vision, and the exterior of the building.
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