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Book Chapter
Design Guidelines for Advanced High-Strength Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... Abstract This chapter briefly reviews the experience-based guidelines that were developed for forming and welding advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). It discusses the benefits of using HSS in car body structures and components that are analyzed by the performance indices developed...
Abstract
This chapter briefly reviews the experience-based guidelines that were developed for forming and welding advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). It discusses the benefits of using HSS in car body structures and components that are analyzed by the performance indices developed for materials selection.
Book Chapter
Aluminum in Ground Transportation
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.atia.t59340303
EISBN: 978-1-62708-427-7
..., Amtrak , 7 Sept 2016 13.17 Hou J. and Strickland J. , FSW and its Applications in Aluminium Car Body Structures , Shanghai Railway Forum , 24 Aug 2011 13.18 Faulkner J.F. and Johnson E.W. , Military Vehicles and Equipment , Aluminum Handbook , 1967 , p 459...
Abstract
A large portion of cast and wrought product production is directed to the ground transportation market. Aluminum castings, extrusions, forgings, and rolled products all find wide application for trucks, trains, subways, and buses and are discussed in this chapter.
Book Chapter
Applications of Advanced High-Strength Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta2.t59410173
EISBN: 978-1-62708-482-6
... the target applications. The body of a passenger car is divided into two component groups: Body-in-white (BIW) structure: the assembled skeleton of a vehicle without the related moving parts, such as doors, hood, decklid, or fenders Closures: components such as doors, hood, decklid, and fenders...
Abstract
Advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) are best used for strong structural applications where lightweighting enhances the performance of a product. This chapter focuses on the applications of AHSS in the automotive industry. It explains the effect of automotive processing on AHSS components. The chapter also presents the nonautomotive applications of AHSS. It also provides the uses and trends of AHSS.
Book Chapter
Design Guidelines for Advanced High-Strength Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta2.t59410235
EISBN: 978-1-62708-482-6
... straightening (650 °C, or 1200 °F, for 110 s) softens the repaired part. 14.3 Performance Evaluation <xref rid="t59410235-ref6" ref-type="bibr">(Ref 14.6)</xref> The benefits of using HSS in car body structures and components can be analyzed by using the performance indexes that were developed...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the experience-based guidelines that were developed for forming and welding AHSS.
Book Chapter
Introduction
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... by replacing heavy steel components in body structures, closure panels, chassis, wheels, bumpers, and suspension parts with lightweight materials made from ferrous and nonferrous alloys, polymers, and composites. The overall weight of a car is distributed among its body (40%), chassis (25%), power train (15...
Abstract
This chapter provides information on the major drivers for automakers and the solutions to address these industry drivers and meet their business goals. It discusses the importance of steel in the industry and briefly describes the development and significance of advanced high-strength steels for the industry.
Book Chapter
Applications of Advanced High-Strength Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700159
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... on the utilization and trends of AHSS in vehicle bodies and closures. advanced high-strength steels vehicle components ADVANCED HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS (AHSS) are best used for strong structural applications where light weighting enhances the performance of a product. In addition to the automotive industry...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the nomenclature of different vehicle components helpful in identifying the target applications and discusses the implementation of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) in automotive and nonautomotive industries. In addition, the chapter provides information on the utilization and trends of AHSS in vehicle bodies and closures.
Book Chapter
Edward G. Budd (1870–1946), Inventor and Entrepreneur
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790123
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
... the appearance. It would be fast—maybe 100 miles per hour—and would quite often be called “The Silver Streak.” The train represented the largest use by far of stainless steel in any structure. Twenty-three tons of type 301 stainless steel was used in its construction. The stainless steel car body was built...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the work of a famous stainless steel pioneer, Edward G. Budd. The discussion covers his early years, his automobile body business, the arrival of novel kind of stainless steel in America, Earl Ragsdale's shot weld patent, the world's first stainless steel airplane, the world's first stainless steel rubber-tired train, the Flying Yankee, the Mark Twain Zephyr, the development of the Budd Company in the war years and postwar years, and a review of the Budd Era.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Advanced High-Strength Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta2.t59410001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-482-6
... engineering alloy for building cars and structures because of the affordability, performance, manufacturability, recyclability, and wide range of applications associated with it. The typical 2011 light vehicle uses approximately 1080 kg (2390 lb) of steel. The characteristic vast combinations of constituents...
Abstract
This chapter presents a discussion on the importance, types, applications, and advantages of advanced high-strength steel. It also provides a discussion on steelmaking technology.
Book Chapter
Aluminum in Light Vehicles
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.atia.t59340265
EISBN: 978-1-62708-427-7
... per year, was accomplished with a low degree of automation. About 75% of the production was hand assembly. The Audi A8 (D2) was produced from 1994 until 2002. The aluminum body had a weight of 249 kg (BiW plus closures), about 200 kg less than a steel body-in-white (BiW) structure without closures...
Abstract
This chapter describes the different aluminum products used to manufacture modern automobile components. It discusses how automakers use these products to reduce weight, improve performance, and manage production costs. It also reflects on the changes in the aluminum industry, automakers, and their relationships. Organized by product type—castings, sheet, and extrusions—each section of the chapter describes the relevant alloys, tempers, and properties required to meet specific needs for component parts and final assembly.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ex2.t69980009
EISBN: 978-1-62708-342-3
..., any partial cold working of magnesium components, as is necessary, for example, for the aluminum alloy side door beam in Fig. 2.24 , in the section “ Passenger Cars ,” is practically impossible because of this hexagonal lattice structure. Magnesium alloys naturally have good machining characteristics...
Abstract
The hot-working process extrusion is used to produce semifinished products in the form of bar, strip, and solid sections, as well as tubes and hollow sections. The first part of this chapter describes the composition, properties, and applications of tin and lead extruded products with a deformation temperature range of 0 to 300 deg C and magnesium and aluminum extruded products with a working temperature range of 300 to 600 deg C. The second part focuses on copper alloy extruded products, extruded titanium alloy products, and extruded products in iron alloys with a working temperature range of 600 to 1300 deg C.
Book Chapter
Industrial Applications of Steel Castings
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200007
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
.... It withstands continuous pulling forces up to 500,000 lb (226,796 kg). Strength requirements for coupler bodies are 700,000 lb (318,181 kg) yield load, and 900,000 lb (409,091 kg) without fracture. The freight car truck consisting of two side frames and one bolster may be seen in Figures 2-1 and 2-5...
Abstract
Steel castings are produced in thousands of designs for different applications. They fill needs in many industries, including transportation, construction machinery, earthmoving equipment, rolling mills, mining, oil and gas exploration, and power generation. This chapter touches upon the variety of applications for which steel castings can be supplied and the ranges of casting size and complexity. Photographs in this chapter provide an understanding of these applications, their size and complexity, and the types of cast steels produced.
Book Chapter
Stainless Steel Applications
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790193
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
... workers and apparently not a lot of training. Meanwhile, DeLorean dealerships were being lined up exclusively in the United States, in New Jersey, Michigan, and California. The futuristic, streamlined car with its gleaming stainless steel body and gull-wing doors was to sell for $25,000 ($57,500 in 2008...
Abstract
Stainless steels have a wide variety of applications for household products, food-handling equipment, major appliances, medical equipment, and industrial equipment. Stainless is also featured in many architectural designs and monuments. Many of the most important applications of stainless steel can be found in the transportation industry, where both the cutlery martensitic and the chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels have been used. This chapter provides a detailed discussion on these applications.
Book Chapter
Global Projects on Advanced High-Strength Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700199
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... of the FSV concept car. Fig. 13.4 The FutureSteelVehicle (FSV). Source: Ref 13.2 In May 2011, the global steel industry released results of the FSV program. The results ( Ref 13.2 ) were: The concept body structure met all targets for crashworthiness and achieved a mass savings of 35...
Abstract
This chapter provides information on ultra-light steel family research programs conducted by the global steel industry under the umbrella of WorldAutoSteel. It discusses the collaboration efforts between U.S government, industry, and academia on advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) technology. Some of the projects on AHSS research and development are also reviewed.
Book Chapter
Introduction
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
... electrical energy from sites of power generation. Within a few decades, a third important application area was made possible by the invention of the airplane by the Wright brothers. This gave birth to an entirely new industry which grew in partnership with the aluminum industry development of structurally...
Abstract
Aluminum is the second most widely used metal in the world. It is readily available, offers a wide range of properties, and can be shaped, coated, and joined using a variety of methods. This chapter discusses some of the key attributes of wrought and cast aluminum alloys and the classifications, designations, and grades of available product forms. It also explains how aluminum alloys are used in aerospace, automotive, rail, and marine applications as well as in building and construction, electrical products, manufacturing equipment, packaging, and consumer durables such as appliances and furniture.
Book Chapter
Global Projects on Advanced High-Strength Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta2.t59410219
EISBN: 978-1-62708-482-6
.... The FSV program was aimed at helping automakers optimize body structures through advanced steel design concepts suitable for both conventional and electrified powertrains, with the purpose of reducing gas emissions over the entire vehicle life cycle. The program made use of the many innovative designs...
Abstract
This chapter presents a review of some of the global development and deployment of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). It discusses collaboration projects between government, industry, and academia and summarizes research that has focused on the influence of alloy composition on the microstructure evolution during plastic deformation and the resulting mechanical properties.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta2.t59410319
EISBN: 978-1-62708-482-6
.... Participants in the project were car companies, suppliers, universities, and a national lab, who collectively cost-shared the project for an additional $2.5 million. The objective of the validation phase was to “demonstrate the ability of the ICME model to reduce the mass of a vehicle structure subassembly...
Abstract
Integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) is a novel approach to design, develop, and deploy materials. This chapter presents ICME and the development of third generation advanced high-strength steels.
Book Chapter
Applications of Iron and Steel Castings and the Impact of Electric Vehicles
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320305
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
... and the electric energy consumption (kilowatt-hour per mile) of EVs and PHEVs linearly with the extent of mass reduction. Lightweighting to reduce the sprung mass is achieved by replacing low-carbon rolled steel body structures with high-strength steel; eliminating or downsizing the engine and its accessories...
Abstract
Iron and steel have been the most useful materials to meet the needs of several industries for many decades. Each iron and steel alloy offers unique attributes that make them the best choice for an application. This chapter provides an overview of each ferrous alloy—gray iron, malleable iron, compacted graphite iron (CGI), ductile iron, austempered ductile iron (ADI), and carbon steel and low-alloy steel; its versatile attributes; and its individual applications. A large section of the chapter covers the impact of electric vehicles on the future of the iron and steel castings industry, including discussion on electric vehicle categories and weights; impact of center of gravity on stability and steering; lightweighting incentives; and engineering for improved suspension.
Book Chapter
Tribology, Tribosystems, and Related Terminology
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
...). Personal experiences in everyday life can attest to the cost of these three modes of failure. The highest monthly costs for average families in the United States are for housing, food, and vehicles (usually). Driving a new car in the United States costs about $5,000/year; the average cost of a new car...
Abstract
This chapter provides information on the biennial International Wear of Materials Conference, which is the inspiration for this book. It reviews the fundamentals of tribology, tribosystems, and related terminology. The glossary at the end of this chapter is intended to familiarize readers with some of the fundamental tribology terms that will be repeated throughout this book.
Book Chapter
Aluminum Casting Applications
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aceg.t68410001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-280-8
... in automobiles in Europe is projected to increase by 7 to 12% in the next four years. Subsequent years are projected to see a growth of at least 18%. Much of this growth comes from body structures, as manufacturers replace steel subframes and shock towers with aluminum vacuum die cast castings (Source Ref. 1...
Abstract
Casting is one of the most economical manufacturing processes for providing shape to components of machinery and is used in a wide range of industries. This chapter is a brief account of the advantages, applications, limitations, and market growth of aluminum casting. It also provides information on the process of conversion of steel and iron parts to aluminum.
Book Chapter
Introduction and Uses of Lightweight Materials
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... challenged by plastics and aluminum. In 2010, approximately 90 kg (200 lb) of aluminum was used in an average car made in the United States. The long-term goal of the aluminum community is an all-aluminum chassis, known as a “body in white.” The most notable example of an aluminum chassis is the high-end...
Abstract
Engineers have many materials to choose from when dealing with weight-related design constraints. The list includes aluminum, beryllium, magnesium, and titanium alloys as well as engineering plastics, structural ceramics, and polymer-, metal-, and ceramic-matrix composites. This chapter provides a brief overview of these lightweight materials, discussing their primary advantages along with their properties, behaviors, and limitations.
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