Fig. 11.14 Typical rubber bulging setup for the tube-bulging process with die-formed and free-formed configurations More

Fig. 8.62 “Bulging” mechanism that originates movement of the interdendritic liquid in continuous casting. Source: Ref 5 More

Fig. 6.12 Reheater tube sample showing bulging and bending at failure location with thick-lip fish-mouth rupture More

Fig. 6.32 (a) Fish-mouth thick-lip failure of a PSH tube; (b) bulging on outer surface of the tube More

Fig. 2.27 Bulging. Source: Ref 2.4 More

Fig. 12.22 Effects of process parameters on bulging during flow forming. Source: Ref 12.17 More

Fig. 12.23 Cracks caused by a large amount of bulging. Source: Ref 12.10 More

Fig. 8.18 Bulge formation in sheet hydroforming with punch. (a) Bulge at punch/blank holder interface and at inclined/tapered punch locations. (b) Due to uneven contact between sheet and tool, skid marks can occur because of sheet rubbing at sharp punch corners. Source: Ref 8.20 More

Fig. 4.15 Schematic of hydraulic bulge test ( t 0 = original sheet thickness, t = sheet thickness at the apex, h d = bulge height, P = hydraulic pressure, r f = die fillet radius, r c = die cavity radius) More

Fig. 4.16 Example test specimens from bulge test More

Fig. 4.17 Schematic of infinitesimal element at the apex of the bulge test dome More

Fig. 4.18 Iterative procedure to estimate flow stress from bulge test ( Ref 4.16 ) More

Fig. 4.19 Pressure-time measurement in a hydraulic bulge test for AKDQ sheet material More

Fig. 4.20 Comparison of flow stress obtained from tensile test and bulge test for sheet materials DP600 and A5754-O More

Fig. 4.24 Dome height obtained from the hydraulic bulge test for different sheet materials (die diameter = 4 in.) More

Fig. 4.25 Dome height obtained from the hydraulic bulge test for sheet material SS304 from different sources (die diameter = 4 in.) More

Fig. 6.1 Flow stress curves obtained from the bulge test and the tensile test for (a) aluminum killed draw quality (AKDQ steel (0.83 mm) and AL5754-O (1.3 mm). Experimental strain range for AKDQ steel: tensile, 0 to 0.24; bulge, 0 to 0.64; for AL5754-O: tensile, 0 to 0.18; bulge, 0 to 0.4. More

Fig. 6.2 Flow stress curves obtained from the bulge test and the tensile test for DP600 high-strength steel (0.6 mm thickness) and deep drawing steel (DDS; 0.77 mm thickness). Experimental strain range for DP600: tensile, 0 to 0.14; bulge, 0 to 0.27; for DDS: tensile, 0 to 0.23; bulge, 0 More

Fig. A.3 Flow stress of AISI 1018 sheet (2.13 mm) obtained by viscous pressure bulge test. Experimental strain range, bulge test: 0 to 1 More