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Book Chapter
Finishing and Coating
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfub.t53740325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-308-9
... Abstract This chapter covers a wide range of finishing and coating operations, including cleaning, honing, polishing and buffing, and lapping. It discusses the use of rust-preventative compounds, conversion coatings, and plating metals as well as weld overlay, thermal spray, and ceramic...
Abstract
This chapter covers a wide range of finishing and coating operations, including cleaning, honing, polishing and buffing, and lapping. It discusses the use of rust-preventative compounds, conversion coatings, and plating metals as well as weld overlay, thermal spray, and ceramic coatings and various pack cementation and deposition processes. It also discusses the selection and use of industrial paints and paint application methods.
Book Chapter
Cleaning and Finishing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120085
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... of scale and how it can be removed via belt grinding, abrasive blasting, and molten salt descaling baths. It also discusses the role of acid pickling, barrel finishing, polishing, and buffing as well as the use of chemical conversion coatings and protective platings. barrel finishing chemical...
Abstract
Cleaning procedures serve to remove scale, tarnish films, and other contaminants that form or are otherwise deposited on the surface of titanium during processing operations such as hot working and heat treatment. This chapter explains what makes titanium susceptible to the formation of scale and how it can be removed via belt grinding, abrasive blasting, and molten salt descaling baths. It also discusses the role of acid pickling, barrel finishing, polishing, and buffing as well as the use of chemical conversion coatings and protective platings.
Image
Schematics illustrating the four types of abrasive wear. (a) Low-stress abr...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2001
is removed from the surface by the action of rubbing from other solids under such conditions that material is removed without visible scratching, fracture, or plastic deformation. The example shown is polishing metal removal with a buffing wheel. Source: Ref 2
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Book Chapter
Surface Finishing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310193
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... ( Fig. 1 ). Fig. 1 View of the Chrysler Building in New York. ©iStockphoto.com/stevenallen This surface finish was very expensive to produce since it had to be done by polishing and buffing. Soon, the more economical abrasive polishing became the standard, and it had the benefit...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the functions of surface treatments important for stainless steel, namely the removal of oxide scale and cleaning, brightening, and coloring of the stainless surface. Details on the main methods of producing aesthetic surface finishes are also provided.
Book Chapter
Zinc and Zinc Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170520
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
..., in amounts up to 0.10%, has little detrimental effect, but may contribute to problems in buffing or machining. Iron under 0.02% is in solid solution. Greater amounts form hard iron-aluminum compounds, which can produce comet tails during buffing and can dull tools during machining. Nickel, Chromium...
Abstract
This article discusses the composition, properties, and behaviors of zinc and its alloys. It explains where cast and wrought zinc alloys are used, describes commercial designations and grades, and discusses the effect of various alloying elements on properties and performance.
Book Chapter
Glossary of Terms
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.secwr.t68350231
EISBN: 978-1-62708-315-7
... the anode (usually in- soluble). The brush is moved back and forth over the area of the cath- ode to be plated. buffing. Developing a lustrous surface by contacting the work with a ro- tating buffing wheel. burnishing. Finish sizing and smooth finishing of surfaces (previously machined or ground...
Abstract
This chapter is a compilation of terms and definitions related to surface engineering for corrosion and wear resistance.
Book
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.secwr.9781627083157
EISBN: 978-1-62708-315-7
Book Chapter
Forming
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310173
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... such as automotive bright trim. Mechanical buffing can restore the luster, but the time and expense of buffing increase dramatically if orange peel or roping (a similar surface defect) is excessive. Duplex stainless steel flat products exhibit significant in-plane anisotropy that can cause forming difficulties...
Abstract
The various types of stainless steel have very different deformation characteristics in terms of strain hardening and anisotropy. It is important to understand and exploit these characteristics to optimize forming of stainless steels. This chapter discusses the various deformation processes involved in sheet-forming techniques, namely stretch forming and deep drawing. In addition, it provides information on some of the factors pertinent to cold-heading and hot forming of stainless long products.
Book Chapter
Practical Design Guidelines for Surface Engineering
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.secwr.t68350195
EISBN: 978-1-62708-315-7
... of sharp edges and comers will prolong the life of grinding, polishing, and buffing belts and wheels. Component Size and Weight and Handling Problems The size, dimensions, and weight of a part to be surface engineered have a direct influence on part handling and fixturing and the size and type...
Abstract
This chapter provides helpful guidelines for selecting a surface treatment for a given application. It identifies important design factors and applicable treatments for common design scenarios, materials, and operating conditions. It explains why heat treatments and finishing operations may be required before or after processing and how to estimate or predict coating thickness, case depth, hardness, and the likelihood of distortion. It also addresses related issues and considerations such as part handling and fixturing, surface preparation and cleaning requirements, processability, aesthetics, and the influence of design features.
Book Chapter
Automotive and Transportation Applications
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310225
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... 304, while tanks may also be 316L for corrosion resistance when the transported material requires it. Tank wrappers are often made of bright annealed and buffed 304. Manufacturers of trailers would be well advised to consider upgrading to duplex grades such as 2003 or 2205 or to cold-worked austenitic...
Abstract
This chapter is a detailed account of the applications of stainless steel in automotive and transport systems. The discussion covers exhaust systems, structural components, automotive components, trucks, and rail transport.
Book Chapter
Medical Aspects of the Toxicity of Beryllium and Beryllium Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230499
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
... blasting Abrasive processing Attritioning Bonding Brazing Brushing Buffing Casting Chemical etching Cold isostatic pressing Coolant management Crushing Cutting Destructive test Drawing Drilling Dross handling Electrical discharge machining (EDM) Electrochemical machining (ECM) Extruding...
Abstract
Beryllium-related lung diseases were first reported in the 1930s, several years after the emergence of beryllium metals in manufactured products. Since then, there have been numerous studies around the world and continued refinement of recommendations and safety standards. This chapter provides a summary of the studies that have been conducted along with the findings. It discusses the effects of acute and chronic exposure, toxicity levels, potential sources and risks, treatment, and protective and preventive measures.
Book Chapter
Introduction
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
Abstract
Aluminum is the second most widely used metal in the world. It is readily available, offers a wide range of properties, and can be shaped, coated, and joined using a variety of methods. This chapter discusses some of the key attributes of wrought and cast aluminum alloys and the classifications, designations, and grades of available product forms. It also explains how aluminum alloys are used in aerospace, automotive, rail, and marine applications as well as in building and construction, electrical products, manufacturing equipment, packaging, and consumer durables such as appliances and furniture.
Book Chapter
Cleaning and Finishing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.stg2.t61280203
EISBN: 978-1-62708-267-9
... on a cloth wheel. Discoloration can be removed by polishing with No. 120-grit aluminum oxide, used with a greaseless compound and a cloth wheel. Buffing is seldom required for the finishing of superalloys. Shot peening currently is used to improve the mechanical properties of compressor blades, turbine...
Abstract
Superalloys are susceptible to damage from a variety of surface contaminants. They may also require special surface finishes for subsequent processing steps such as coating applications. This chapter describes some of the cleaning and finishing procedures that have been developed for superalloys and how they work. It discusses the effect of metallic contaminants, tarnish, oxide, and scale and how they can be detected and removed. It also discusses chemical and mechanical surface finishing techniques and where they are used, and presents several application examples.
Book Chapter
The Life of Harry Brearley (1871–1948)
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790033
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
... made my roundabout way home. I spent hours watching pocket blades forged, files ground, lead toys cast and metal buffed and burnished to shining brightness. “I have no idea of how I learned to read. My father and mother and brothers were readers of novelettes and blood and thunder stories...
Abstract
This chapter provides insights into the work of a stainless steel pioneer, Harry Brearley. It explains how Brearley's early life and experience led him to become a self-trained chemist and metallurgist.
Book Chapter
Customer Manufacturing Processes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.atia.t59340211
EISBN: 978-1-62708-427-7
... castings and profiles, and generates different surface textures on metal by buffing, brushing, tumbling, or bead blasting the surface. It usually involves an abrasive component that helps create the desired texture, whether it is a mirror finish by polishing or a rough looking one that eliminates...
Abstract
This chapter provides basic concepts and background for customer-related manufacturing processes applied to aluminum products including forming, joining and welding, surface treatments, and machinability. It reviews the selection criteria, key testing regimes, and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) requirements. The chapter also presents examples that demonstrate the importance of choosing the correct alloy and temper to successfully meet the OEM fabrication criteria.
Book Chapter
Extrusion of Soft- and Medium-Grade Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aet.t68260149
EISBN: 978-1-62708-336-2
... alloys and also outlined an excellent study of causes, origins, and solutions to each extrusion defect or problem. Ramanan ( Ref 17 ) dealt with various day-to-day technical problems encountered by extruders and how these problems can be solved. He covered corrosion, anodizing, buffing, lack...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the extrusion characteristics of relatively soft aluminum alloys. It begins by identifying alloy designations within the class and the types of extrusions made from them. It then explains how extruded shapes and cross-sections are defined and how to analyze and assess important process variables such as runout, extrusion pressure, ram speed, and butt thickness. It also provides best practices for various operations and explains how to identify and remedy common extrusion defects.
Book Chapter
Secondary Operations
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmsspmp.t52000167
EISBN: 978-1-62708-312-6
Abstract
This chapter describes secondary processes employed in the production of powder-metal stainless steel parts, including various machining operations, welding, brazing, sinter bonding, resin impregnation, re-pressing and sizing, and surface finishing. It also discusses the factors that affect the machinability and weldability of sintered stainless steels.
Book Chapter
Powder Metallurgy
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfub.t53740373
EISBN: 978-1-62708-308-9
Abstract
This chapter covers the basic steps of the powder metallurgy process, including powder manufacture, powder blending, compacting, and sintering. It identifies important powder characteristics such as particle size, size distribution, particle shape, and purity. It compares and contrasts mechanical, chemical, electrochemical, and atomizing processes used in powder production, discusses powder treatments, and describes consolidation techniques along with secondary operations used to obtain special properties or improve dimensional precision. It also discusses common defects such as ejection cracks, density variations, and microlaminations.
Book Chapter
Extrusion of Soft- and Medium-Grade Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2025
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aet2.t59420233
EISBN: 978-1-62708-487-1
Abstract
This chapter discusses the extrusion technology of soft- and medium-strength aluminum alloys. The relative extrudability ratings of some soft- and medium-grade alloys are given. The chapter presents useful extrusion parameters and their relationships associated with day-to-day production practices in the aluminum extrusion industry. Useful parameters discussed include: extrusion runout; extrusion pressure; ram or extrusion speed control; and butt or extrusion discard thickness control. The chapter provides fundamental approaches to introducing and developing the design of experiments (DOE) for the aluminum extrusion plant to improve overall productivity. It also focuses on heat treatment of aluminum alloys.
Book Chapter
Copper and Copper Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... nonmagnetic. They can be readily soldered and brazed, and many coppers and copper alloys can be welded by various gas, arc, and resistance methods. For decorative parts, standard alloys having specific colors are readily available. Copper alloys can be polished and buffed to almost any desired texture...
Abstract
This article discusses the composition, properties, and behaviors of copper and its alloys. It begins with an overview of the characteristics, applications, and commercial grades of wrought and cast copper. It then discusses the role of alloying, explaining how zinc, tin, aluminum, silicon, and nickel affect the physical and mechanical properties of coppers and high-copper alloys as well as brasses, bronzes, copper-nickels, and nickel silvers. It also explains how alloying affects electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, stress-corrosion cracking, and processing characteristics.
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