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Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.t60490183
EISBN: 978-1-62708-340-9
... Abstract This chapter covers the failure modes and mechanisms associated with boiler components and the tools and techniques used to assess damages and predict remaining component life. It begins with a review of the design and operation of a utility boiler and the materials used...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... Abstract Boilers are engineered systems designed to convert the chemical energy in fuel into heat to generate hot water or steam. This chapter describes boiler applications and types, including firetube boilers, watertube boilers, electric boilers, packaged boilers, fluidized bed combustion...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430027
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... of diffusion, nucleation, and growth. It also discusses alloying, heat treating, and defect formation and briefly covers condenser tube materials. alloying elements austenitic stainless steels boiler tubes condenser tubes continuous cooling transformation diagram creep-resistant steels ferritic...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430087
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... Abstract Boilers are often classified based on the maximum operating temperature and pressure for which they are designed. Classifications, in ascending order, are subcritical, supercritical, ultra-supercritical, and to advanced ultra-supercritical. At each higher operating point comes greater...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... Abstract This chapter describes some of the most effective tools for investigating boiler tube failures, including scanning electron microscopy, optical emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430379
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... Abstract Water chemistry is a factor in nearly all boiler tube failures. It contributes to the formation of scale, biofilms, and sludge, determines deposition rates, and drives the corrosion process. This chapter explains how water chemistry is managed in boilers and describes the effect...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430409
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... Abstract The power generating industry has become proficient at predicting how long a component will last under a given set of operating conditions. This chapter explains how such predictions are made in the case of boiler tubes. It identifies critical damage mechanisms, progressive failure...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.9781627082532
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
Image
Published: 30 November 2013
Fig. 7 Thin-lip rupture in a boiler tube caused by rapid overheating. This rupture exhibits a “cobra” appearance as a result of lateral bending under the reaction force imposed by escaping steam. The tube was a 2-½ in. outside diameter, 0.250 in. wall boiler tube made of 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel More
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 12.25 Results of corrosion probe tests for various alloys in a boiler at Charleston Resource Recovery. The corrosion probes were installed in the convection path with the exposure time of 4492 h. Ferritic steels included carbon steel, T-22, and T-91. Austenitic steels included Type 304 More
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 13.1 Recovery boiler. Source: Ref 6 More
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 13.2 Recovery boiler illustrating three zones of reactions in the furnace. Source: Ref 8 More
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 13.3 Char beds formed in the sloped floor boiler. Source: Ref 9 More
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 13.4 Char beds formed in the decanting hearth boiler. Source: Ref 9 More
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 13.7 General view of the alloy 625 overlay smelt run floor tubes in the boiler. Source: Ref 31 More
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 17.6 Locations, marked as 1, in the boiler that are susceptible to hydrogen attack. The area marked as 2 shows other modes of waterside corrosion that are outside of the current discussion topic. Source: Stultz and Kitto ( Ref 4 ) Courtesy of Babcock and Wilcox More
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 10.3 Bubbling fluidized-bed boiler. Source: Ref 1 . Courtesy of Babcock & Wilcox More
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 10.4 Coal-fired boiler, showing two main areas for discussion of materials problems in a boiler: the furnace combustion area (i.e., furnace walls) and the heat-absorbing surfaces in the convection path, such as superheaters and reheaters. Source: Ref 5 More
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 10.19 A corroded carbon steel tube sample from the waterwall of a boiler (subcritical unit) retrofitted with a low NO x burner system with overfire air ports. The waterwall tube suffered accelerated wastage after the furnace was retrofitted with NO x burner system. Courtesy of Welding More
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 12.10 Melting temperatures of various salts that are likely to form in WTE boilers. The temperatures of waterwall saturated fluid and superheater steam are also indicated for comparison. Source: Ref 30 More