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beta transformation

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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480075
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
... with these processes, explaining how and why they occur and how they are typically controlled. It makes extensive use of phase diagrams and cooling curves to illustrate the effects of alloying and quenching on beta-to-alpha transformations and the conditions that produce metastable phases. It also examines several...
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 4.3 Beta transformation in a eutectoid system. Phase relationships can be predicted by extrapolating the beta phase boundaries below the eutectoid temperature. The beta phase transforms into alpha and an intermetallic phase, gamma. More
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 4.14 Time-temperature-transformation curves for beta-isomorphous and beta-eutectoid systems. The curves show omega forming at low temperatures and eventually forming the equilibrium products of alpha plus beta. More
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Published: 01 December 2000
Fig. 3.14 Time-temperature transformation diagram for a beta alloy (Ti-1 3V-11Cr-4Al). Alloy was initially solution treated in the β region for 2 h at 760 °C (1400 °F); then air cooled at 25 °C (77 °F); then aged. More
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 4.13 Time-temperature-transformation curves for two alloys of a beta-isomorphous system. Start of transformation of beta to alpha and its completion are indicated by the C-curves. More
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 4.15 Effect of molybdenum on start of beta-to-alpha transformation. Increasing the molybdenum content in titanium-molybdenum alloys shifts the initial transformation of beta to alpha to the right. Hence, beta is more readily retained. More
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 4.16 Effect of oxygen on start of beta-to-alpha transformation. Oxygen, an alpha stabilizer, shifts the transformation curve to the left, decreasing the time associated with the nose of the C-curve. More
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 4.17 Effect of aluminum on initial transformation of beta to alpha. Aluminum, like oxygen, decreases the time for initial transformation of beta. More
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480141
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
..., properties, and performance. It includes images of elongated and equiaxed structures, primary alpha, transformed beta, and metastable phases as well as spheroidal and intergranular beta, alpha case, and intermetallic compounds. It also defines important terms and provides step-by-step procedures...
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 7.31 (a) Acicular alpha (transformed beta) and prior-beta grain boundaries in bar forged 50% from 1065 °C (1950 °F), reheated at 730 °C (1350 °F) for 2 h, and air cooled. (b) Platelike and equiaxed alpha with some beta present in bar forged 50% from 980 °C (1800 °F), reheated at 730 °C More
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 7.32 Ti-6Al-4V bar. (a) Acicular alpha (transformed beta) and prior-beta grain boundaries in bar forged 75% from 1065 °C (1950 °F), reheated at 730 °C (1350 °F) for 2 h, and air cooled. (b) Platelike and equiaxed alpha with some beta present in bar forged 75% from 980 °C (1800 °F More
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170417
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... treatment. Effects of Alloy Elements In titanium alloys, the principal effect of an alloying element is its effect on the alpha-to-beta transformation temperature. Some elements stabilize the alpha crystal structure by raising the alpha-to-beta transformation temperature, while other elements...
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 7.25 Ti-11Sn-5Zr-2.5Al-1Mo-0.2Si bar. Primary alpha, transformed beta, and fine dispersions of titanium silicide after heating at 900 °C (1650 °F) for 1 h and air cooling, followed by reheating at 500 °C (930 °F) for 24 h and air cooling. Etchant: 10%HF-5%HNO 3 . Original magnification More
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Published: 01 October 2012
Fig. 5.15 Phase transformations on heating through alpha + beta region. Source: Ref 5.3 More
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480051
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
... (beta) from 885 to 1670 °C (1625 to 3038 °F). The atoms in the bcc crystal structure are not as closely packed as in the hcp structure; thus, a volume expansion during transformation is expected. This transformation of alpha to beta in pure titanium results in slight expansion and thus a decrease...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240527
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... fabrication processes, such as forming and machining, are also usually more costly than those for other competing metals. 28.1 Titanium Metallurgy Pure titanium at room temperature has an alpha (α) hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal structure, which transforms to a beta (β) body-centered cubic (bcc...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120013
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... structure, which is referred to as “alpha” phase. This structure transforms to a body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal structure, called “beta” phase, at 888 °C (l621 °F). Beta phase and alpha phase hard-sphere models are shown in Fig. 1.1 . It is common to separate the alloys into four categories...
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Published: 01 December 2000
Fig. 3.4 Pseudo phase diagram plus microstructures of an annealed alpha-beta alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) after cooling from different areas of the phase field. (a) Diagram with Ti-6Al-4V composition indicated. (b) Acicular alpha (transformed beta) with prior beta grain boundaries. (c) Alpha prime More
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Published: 01 December 2000
Fig. 12.21 Low-cycle fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V alpha-beta titanium alloy with different structures: beta forged (100% transformed beta); 10% primary alpha (balance transformed beta); 50% primary alpha More
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480031
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
... and nonmetals exist at different temperatures in more than one solid state. For example, when liquid titanium solidifies, the atoms are arranged in a bcc (beta) structure, but at a lower temperature they are rearranged to the hcp (alpha) lattice form. Such solid-state transformations can have important...