Fig. 4-6. Helical gear, 1.12×. Tooth bending fatigue followed by tooth bending impact. Origin is off-center of the tooth midpoint but is directly above the center of the web. More

Fig. 16.29 Beach marks in two steel shafts that failed in rotating bending fatigue. (a) Curved beach marks are centered from one fatigue crack origin (arrow). (b) Fatigue fracture initiated at numerous sites along a sharp snap ring groove; ratchet marks appear as shiny spots along the surface More

Fig. 68 Comparison of bending fatigue of carburized 12Khn3 gears showing adverse effect of network carbides More

Fig. 93 Bending fatigue response of furnace-hardened and induction-hardened medium-carbon steel tractor axles. Shaft diameter: 70 mm. Fillet radius: 1.6 mm. Source: Ref 45 More

Fig. 95 Bending fatigue strength of gear teeth at (a) tooth gap hardening and (b) flank hardening for various steels. Broken lines denote confidence limit according to DIN 3990. Source: Ref 36 More

Fig. 2 Schematic of R.R. Moore reversed bending fatigue machine. Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 32 Rotating-bending fatigue fracture of a keyed shaft of 1040 steel, approximately 30 HRC. The fatigue crack originated at the lower left corner of the keyway and extended almost through the entire cross section before final rupture occurred. A prominent beach mark pattern is visible More

Fig. 7.9 Bending fatigue life of actual SE 15B35 induction-hardened spindles vs. the induction power setting. Source: Ref 6 More

Fig. 10.2 Bending fatigue response of furnace-hardened and induction-hardened medium-carbon steel tractor axles. Shaft diameter: 70 mm (2.75 in.). Fillet radius: 1.6 mm (0.063 in.) Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 36 Results of reverse bending fatigue tests showing the effect of surface treatments on fatigue life of welded and nonwelded aluminum alloys Coated Chromate etch primer plus a two-component aluminum-pigmented epoxy top coat Peened Brush shot peened to Almen 6 level Air More

Fig. 3.40 Comparison of smooth-rotating/pure-bending fatigue test data for 2014-T6 aluminum in dripping commercial synthetic solution and in room-temperature air. A flow of liquid around the center section of the specimen was supplied by capillary action during the test. Source: Ref 3.37 More

Fig. 16 Effect of cryogenic temperature on reversed bending fatigue ( R = 1) of transverse double-V butt welds in 5083-H113 0.375 in. More

Fig. 3.1 Wöhler’s rotating-cantilever, bending fatigue-testing machine. D , drive pulley; C , arbor; T , tapered specimen butt; S , specimen; a , moment arm; G , loading bearing; P , loading spring. Source: Ref 3.2 More

Fig. 3 Typical maximum stress ( S ) vs. number of cycles ( N ) bending fatigue plots for 6 carburized steels. R = –1. Source: Ref 4 SAE steel grade Composition, wt % C Mn Cr Mo 4120 0.19 1.03 0.52 0.19 4028 0.28 0.80 ... 0.25 PS59 0.17 1.20 0.90 More

Fig. 5 Example of a cantilever specimen used to evaluate bending fatigue of carburized steels. Specimen edges are rounded and maximum stress is applied at the location shown in Fig. 6 . Dimensions in millimeters More

Fig. 10 Intergranular bending fatigue crack initiation at the surface of a gas-carburized and direct-cooled SAE 8719 steel specimen. Source: Ref 20 More

Fig. 13 Effect of phosphorus content on the bending fatigue of direct-quenched, gas-carburized modified 4320 steel with 0.005, 0.017, and 0.031 wt% phosphorus, as marked. Source: Ref 22 More

Fig. 14 S - N curves determined by bending fatigue of a gas-carburized SAE 8219-type steel containing 1.40 Mn, 0.61 Cr, 0.30 Ni, 0.20 Mo, and three levels of sulfur. Source: Ref 20 More

Fig. 15 Elongated manganese sulfide particles associated with bending fatigue crack initiation at the surface of a gas-carburized SAE 8219-type steel. SEM photomicrograph. Source: Ref 20 More