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Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio. Source: Wikimedia Commons/Wi...

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in Pioneers in Metals Research > The History of Metals in America
Published: 01 May 2018
FIG. 10.19 Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio. Source: Wikimedia Commons/Wiki Historian N OH. More
Book Chapter

Titanium—A New Metal for the Aerospace Age

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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.t59250129
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
... to Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio, to study the properties, welding, and fabrication characteristics of titanium and its alloys. The USBM in Boulder City supplied the titanium, and funds were supplied by the Air Force and the Douglas Aircraft Company. Battelle Memorial Institute was founded...
Abstract
This chapter is a detailed account of the history of development of titanium and its modern applications in the aerospace market. It begins by discussing the attempts made to produce titanium metal. This is followed by a discussion on the invention of a process for making titanium by William Kroll. Various studies on the properties on titanium and research programs related to the production of titanium sponge and titanium metal products are then described. The chapter concludes with a discussion of titanium use in jet engines.
View PDF for content titled, Titanium—A New Metal for the Aerospace Age
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Crossed polarized light was used to reveal the macrostructure of this beryl...

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in Macrostructure > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 1-24 Crossed polarized light was used to reveal the macrostructure of this beryllium weldment. (Courtesy of R. D. Buchheit, Battelle-Columbus Laboratories.) More
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Molybdenum (after annealing, 1400°C, 30 min) etched with Murakami’s reagent...

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in Microstructure > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 3-26 Molybdenum (after annealing, 1400°C, 30 min) etched with Murakami’s reagent, 75 ×. (Courtesy of R. D. Buchheit, Battelle Memorial Institute.) More
Image

Example of hardness anisotropy in zone-melted cobalt using 200-gf Knoop imp...

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in Hardness > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 5-19 Example of hardness anisotropy in zone-melted cobalt using 200-gf Knoop impressions, 42×. (Courtesy of R. D. Buchheit, Battelle Memorial Institute.) More
Image

Microstructure of 200 nickel revealed using equal parts of acetic acid, nit...

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in Microstructure > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 3-60 Microstructure of 200 nickel revealed using equal parts of acetic acid, nitric acid, and water, 75×. (Courtesy of R. D. Buchheit, Battelle Memorial Institute.) More
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Microstructure of fully recrystallized tantalum etched with 20% ammonium bi...

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in Microstructure > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 3-64 Microstructure of fully recrystallized tantalum etched with 20% ammonium bifluoride and HNO 3 (2:1), 75×. (Courtesy of R. D. Buchheit, Battelle Memorial Institute.) More
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Wrought (top, 300 ×) and cast (bottom, 60 ×) aluminum alloys etched with 0....

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in Microstructure > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 3-15 Wrought (top, 300 ×) and cast (bottom, 60 ×) aluminum alloys etched with 0.5% aqueous HF. (Bottom photos are courtesy of R. D. Buchheit, Battelle Memorial Institute.) More
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Iodide chromium electrolytically etched with 10% oxalic acid (fully anneale...

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in Microstructure > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 3-25 Iodide chromium electrolytically etched with 10% oxalic acid (fully annealed, 1000°C, 1 h), 75×. (Courtesy of R. D. Buchheit, Battelle Memorial Institute.) More
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Tungsten (cold-worked (left) and annealed, (right) 1800°C, 1 h) etched with...

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in Microstructure > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 3-27 Tungsten (cold-worked (left) and annealed, (right) 1800°C, 1 h) etched with Murakami’s reagent, 150×. (Courtesy of R. D. Buchheit, Battelle Memorial Institute.) More
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Alloy of cobalt and 15% tungsten etched in nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, ...

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in Microstructure > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 3-29 Alloy of cobalt and 15% tungsten etched in nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and lactic acid (10:10:80), 250×. (Courtesy of R. D. Buchheit, Battelle Memorial Institute.) More
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The microstructure of an alloy of Cu and 30% Ni electrolytically etched wit...

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in Microstructure > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 3-35 The microstructure of an alloy of Cu and 30% Ni electrolytically etched with a solution of acetic acid, nitric acid, and water (5:10:85), 150×. Left, cold-worked; right, annealed. (Courtesy of R. D. Buchheit , Battelle Memorial Institute.) More
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Cr 2 O 3 scale formed on pure chromium at 1100 °C (2012 °F). A Pilling-Bed...

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in High-Temperature Gaseous Corrosion[1] > Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry
Published: 01 December 2015
Fig. 5 Cr 2 O 3 scale formed on pure chromium at 1100 °C (2012 °F). A Pilling-Bedworth ratio of 2.0 results in high compressive stress in the scale, which is relieved by buckling and spalling. Courtesy of I.G. Wright, Battelle Columbus Division More
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Macrostructure of centrifugally cast 99.8% aluminum after a minor amount of...

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in Macrostructure > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 1-2 Macrostructure of centrifugally cast 99.8% aluminum after a minor amount of reduction (3¼ ×; etchant, solution of 5 mL HNO 3 , 5 mL HCl, 5 mL HF, and 95 mL H 2 O). (Courtesy of R. D. Buchheit, Battelle-Columbus Laboratories.) More
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Microstructure of an alloy of Ag, 40% Au, and 10% In (left) etched with equ...

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in Microstructure > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
Figure 3-65 Microstructure of an alloy of Ag, 40% Au, and 10% In (left) etched with equal parts of 10% NaCN and 10% ammonium persulfate (90 ×) and the microstructure of a gold tube (right) etched with equal parts of HCl and HNO 3 (150 ×). (Courtesy of R. D. Buchheit, Battelle Memorial More
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Protective and nonprotective scales formed on alloy 800. (a) Cr 2 O 3 -base...

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in High-Temperature Gaseous Corrosion[1] > Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry
Published: 01 December 2015
Fig. 4 Protective and nonprotective scales formed on alloy 800. (a) Cr 2 O 3 -base protective oxide scale formed in sulfur-free oxidizing gas. (b) Sulfide-oxide scale formed in reducing conditions containing hydrogen sulfide. Courtesy of I.G. Wright, Battelle Columbus Division More
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Macroetching (solution consisting of 1.5 mL HF, 15 mL HNO 3 , and 80 mL H 2...

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in Macrostructure > Metallography: Principles and Practice
Published: 01 December 1984
. Buchheit, Battelle-Columbus Laboratories.) More
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Ni-20Cr-2ThO 2 after simulated type I hot-corrosion exposure (coated with ...

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in High-Temperature Gaseous Corrosion[1] > Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry
Published: 01 December 2015
Fig. 16 Ni-20Cr-2ThO 2 after simulated type I hot-corrosion exposure (coated with Na 2 SO 4 and oxidized in air at 1000 °C, or 1832 °F). A, nickel-rich scale; B, Cr 2 O 3 subscale; C, chromium sulfides. Courtesy of I.G. Wright, Battelle Columbus Division More
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Example of high-temperature carburization attack pitting in type 310 reacto...

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in High-Temperature Gaseous Corrosion[1] > Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry
Published: 01 December 2015
. Courtesy of I.G. Wright, Battelle Columbus Division More
Image

Multilayer oxide scale formed on Co-10Cr alloy at 1100 °C (2012 °F). Outer ...

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in High-Temperature Gaseous Corrosion[1] > Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry
Published: 01 December 2015
of I.G. Wright, Battelle Columbus Division More