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bainite

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Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410099
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
... Bainite is an intermediate temperature transformation product of austenite. This chapter describes the conditions under which bainite is likely to form. It discusses the effects of alloying on bainitic transformation, the difference between upper and lower bainite, and the influence of solute...
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Published: 31 December 2020
Fig. 18 Microstructure of (a) upper bainite and (b) lower bainite in a Cr-Mo-V rotor steel. 2% nital + 4% picral etch. Original magnification: 500×. (c) S5 tool steel austenitized, isothermally transformed (partially) at 540 °C (1000 °F) for 8 h, and water quenched to form upper bainite (dark More
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 6.11 Lower bainite, showing fine carbides in the plates of the lower bainite, on a polished and nital-etched section of a medium carbon steel. Original magnification 3,000×, Field Emission SEM micrograph More
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdub.t53420303
EISBN: 978-1-62708-310-2
... Abstract This chapter examines two important strengthening mechanisms, martensitic and bainitic transformations, both of which occur under nonequilibrium cooling conditions. It explains how time-temperature-transformation diagrams are constructed and how they are used to understand and control...
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Published: 01 December 1999
Fig. 6.22 Examples of how carbon influences the time to the bainite nose during continuous cooling. Different steels have different bainite nose temperatures within the 400-450 °C range. Derived from Ref 25 More
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Published: 01 August 2015
Fig. 5.18 Lower bainite. Picral etch. 250×. Source: Ref 8 More
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Published: 01 December 1999
Fig. 2.12 Influence of decarburization on hardness profiles. F, ferrite; B, bainite; M, martensite; A, austenite. (a) Severe decarburization. (b) Slight decarburization. (c) No decarburization More
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.23 Schematic representation of the two most common bainite morphologies. (a) Upper bainite and (b) lower bainite. The dark particles represent cementite, and the white regions represent ferrite. Simplified growth schemes are indicated for upper bainite (c) with carbide precipitation More
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.25 Growth of bainite plates from intragranular nonmetallic inclusions in a steel containing C = 0.38%, Mn = 1.39%, S = 0.039%, V = 0.09%, N = 130 ppm isothermally treated for 38 s at 450 °C (842 °F). Arrow indicates bainite plates with carbides in between the plates as well as inside More
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.26 Growth of intragranular plates of granular bainite in a steel containing C = 0.38%, Mn = 1.39%, S = 0.039%, V = 0.09%, N = 130 ppm isothermally treated for 38 s at 500 °C (930 °F). Arrow indicates individual plates of bainitic ferrite nucleated in a nonmetallic inclusion. Courtesy G More
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.27 Bainite in low alloy steel ASTM A 533 Cl.1 (ASME SA 533 Cl 1 or 20MnMoNi55) containing C = 0.2%, Mn = 1.38%, Si = 0.25%, Ni = 0.83%, Mo = 0.49% (same steel as in Fig. 9.15 ) continuously cooled at 0.1 °C/s (0.18 °F/s). Transformation start at 590 °C (1094 °F). Etchant: nital 2 More
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.28 Bainite in low alloy steel ASTM A 533 Cl.1 (ASME SA 533 Cl 1 or 20MnMoNi55) containing C = 0.2%, Mn = 1.38%, Si = 0.25%, Ni = 0.83%, Mo = 0.49% (same steel as in Fig. 9.15 ) continuously cooled at 2 °C/s (3.5 °F/s). Transformation start at 590 °C (1094 °F). Etchant: nital 2%. Prior More
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.29 Bainite formed in isothermal heat treatment at 400 °C (750 °F) (austempering in liquid lead bath). Etchant: nital. More
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.30 Bainite formed in isothermal heat treatment at 250 °C (480 °F) (austempering in a salt bath). Etchant: nital. More
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.31 Bainite in steel containing 0.4% C. Etchant: nital 2%. Courtesy of DoITPoMS, Cambridge University, England. More
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 10.54 Steel containing C = 0.5% slack quenched. Fine pearlite and bainite in a martensitic matrix. In the top left region of the image is a quench crack. Bainite shows dark and acicular. The pearlite colonies are equiaxed (or granular). Etchant: picral 4% for 30 s. More
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Published: 01 December 1996
Fig. 2-9 Example of the microstructure of bainite in an oil quenched 0.47% C steel. The details of the structure are best revealed by the higher resolution scanning electron micrograph (b), where the carbide particles appear white in a grayer ferrite background. More
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Published: 01 December 2018
Fig. 5.3 Volume fraction measurement on a steel sample Sr. No. Bainite (black areas), vol% Martensite (white areas), vol% 1 43.9 54.3 2 35.9 61.8 3 38.9 59.7 4 39.3 59.1 5 37.1 61.9 Avg 39.02 59.36 More
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Published: 01 December 2018
Fig. 8.7 (a) Microstructure of tube sample showing degradation of bainite into ferrite and carbide and (b) SEM micrograph showing onset of creep damage, as indicated by isolated creep cavities More
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Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 10.20 TTT diagrams showing overlap and separation between pearlite and bainite regions More