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bainite
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410099
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
... Bainite is an intermediate temperature transformation product of austenite. This chapter describes the conditions under which bainite is likely to form. It discusses the effects of alloying on bainitic transformation, the difference between upper and lower bainite, and the influence of solute...
Abstract
Bainite is an intermediate temperature transformation product of austenite. This chapter describes the conditions under which bainite is likely to form. It discusses the effects of alloying on bainitic transformation, the difference between upper and lower bainite, and the influence of solute drag on bainite formation mechanisms. It also discusses the development of ferrite-carbide bainites and their effect on toughness, hardness, and ductility.
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Published: 31 December 2020
Fig. 18 Microstructure of (a) upper bainite and (b) lower bainite in a Cr-Mo-V rotor steel. 2% nital + 4% picral etch. Original magnification: 500×. (c) S5 tool steel austenitized, isothermally transformed (partially) at 540 °C (1000 °F) for 8 h, and water quenched to form upper bainite (dark
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 6.11 Lower bainite, showing fine carbides in the plates of the lower bainite, on a polished and nital-etched section of a medium carbon steel. Original magnification 3,000×, Field Emission SEM micrograph
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdub.t53420303
EISBN: 978-1-62708-310-2
... Abstract This chapter examines two important strengthening mechanisms, martensitic and bainitic transformations, both of which occur under nonequilibrium cooling conditions. It explains how time-temperature-transformation diagrams are constructed and how they are used to understand and control...
Abstract
This chapter examines two important strengthening mechanisms, martensitic and bainitic transformations, both of which occur under nonequilibrium cooling conditions. It explains how time-temperature-transformation diagrams are constructed and how they are used to understand and control the formation of martensite and bainite in steel and other alloys. It describes the morphology of both types of structures, the factors that influence their formation, how they respond to tempering processes, and their effect on mechanical properties and behaviors. It also discusses the role of transformation hysteresis in shape memory alloys.
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in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.23 Schematic representation of the two most common bainite morphologies. (a) Upper bainite and (b) lower bainite. The dark particles represent cementite, and the white regions represent ferrite. Simplified growth schemes are indicated for upper bainite (c) with carbide precipitation
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in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.25 Growth of bainite plates from intragranular nonmetallic inclusions in a steel containing C = 0.38%, Mn = 1.39%, S = 0.039%, V = 0.09%, N = 130 ppm isothermally treated for 38 s at 450 °C (842 °F). Arrow indicates bainite plates with carbides in between the plates as well as inside
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in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.26 Growth of intragranular plates of granular bainite in a steel containing C = 0.38%, Mn = 1.39%, S = 0.039%, V = 0.09%, N = 130 ppm isothermally treated for 38 s at 500 °C (930 °F). Arrow indicates individual plates of bainitic ferrite nucleated in a nonmetallic inclusion. Courtesy G
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in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.27 Bainite in low alloy steel ASTM A 533 Cl.1 (ASME SA 533 Cl 1 or 20MnMoNi55) containing C = 0.2%, Mn = 1.38%, Si = 0.25%, Ni = 0.83%, Mo = 0.49% (same steel as in Fig. 9.15 ) continuously cooled at 0.1 °C/s (0.18 °F/s). Transformation start at 590 °C (1094 °F). Etchant: nital 2
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in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.28 Bainite in low alloy steel ASTM A 533 Cl.1 (ASME SA 533 Cl 1 or 20MnMoNi55) containing C = 0.2%, Mn = 1.38%, Si = 0.25%, Ni = 0.83%, Mo = 0.49% (same steel as in Fig. 9.15 ) continuously cooled at 2 °C/s (3.5 °F/s). Transformation start at 590 °C (1094 °F). Etchant: nital 2%. Prior
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in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.29 Bainite formed in isothermal heat treatment at 400 °C (750 °F) (austempering in liquid lead bath). Etchant: nital.
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in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.30 Bainite formed in isothermal heat treatment at 250 °C (480 °F) (austempering in a salt bath). Etchant: nital.
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in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.31 Bainite in steel containing 0.4% C. Etchant: nital 2%. Courtesy of DoITPoMS, Cambridge University, England.
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Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 2.1(d) A microstructure consisting of pearlite (dark), bainite (gray), and martensite (white). 4% picral and 2% nitral etch. 500×
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Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 2.33 Upper bainite in an AISI/SAE 8720 steel isothermally transformed at 425 °C (797 °F) for 90 s. 4% picral etch. 500×
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Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 2.34 Lower bainite in an AISI/SAE 8720 steel isothermally transformed at 325 °C (617 °F) for 100 s. 4% picral etch. 800×
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Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 2.35 Granular bainite in a 0.2% C, 0.3% Mn, 3% Ni, 1.5% Cr, and 0.4% Mo steel. 4% picral etch. 800×
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in Tools and Techniques for Material Characterization of Boiler Tubes
> Failure Investigation of Boiler Tubes: A Comprehensive Approach
Published: 01 December 2018
Fig. 5.3 Volume fraction measurement on a steel sample Sr. No. Bainite (black areas), vol% Martensite (white areas), vol% 1 43.9 54.3 2 35.9 61.8 3 38.9 59.7 4 39.3 59.1 5 37.1 61.9 Avg 39.02 59.36
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in Remaining Life Assessment of Boiler Tubes
> Failure Investigation of Boiler Tubes: A Comprehensive Approach
Published: 01 December 2018
Fig. 8.7 (a) Microstructure of tube sample showing degradation of bainite into ferrite and carbide and (b) SEM micrograph showing onset of creep damage, as indicated by isolated creep cavities
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in The Various Microstructures of Room-Temperature Steel
> Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 4.20 Mixed pearlite and bainite structures formed on prior-austenite grain boundaries, indicated by white lines. Faster-quenched 1095 steel. Mixed nital-picral etch. Original magnification: 1000 ×
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in The Various Microstructures of Room-Temperature Steel
> Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 4.22 SEM micrograph of bainite at location shown in Fig. 4.20 . Original magnification: 20,000 ×
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