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Book Chapter
Austenitization
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smnm.t52140107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-264-8
... Abstract The first step in the hardening of steel is getting it hot enough to form austenite, from which martensite can form upon quenching. Not all steels have the same austenitization requirements, however. High-carbon wear-resistant steels, such as bearing and tool steels, require...
Abstract
The first step in the hardening of steel is getting it hot enough to form austenite, from which martensite can form upon quenching. Not all steels have the same austenitization requirements, however. High-carbon wear-resistant steels, such as bearing and tool steels, require the presence of carbides during austenitization; plain carbon and low-alloy steels do not. This chapter describes the austenitization process used in each of the two cases, namely single-phase austenitization (the accepted method for plain carbon low-alloy steels) and two-phase austenitization (required for high-carbon steels). It also addresses process-specific issues, explaining how the presence of carbides (in the two-phase process) produces significant changes, and how homogenization and austenite grain growth influence the single-phase process.
Book Chapter
Austenitization
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmcs.t66560185
EISBN: 978-1-62708-291-4
... Abstract This chapter examines the structural changes that occur in high-carbon steels during austenitization. It describes the effect of heating time and temperature on the production of austenite and the associated transformation of ferrite and cementite in eutectoid, hypoeutectoid...
Abstract
This chapter examines the structural changes that occur in high-carbon steels during austenitization. It describes the effect of heating time and temperature on the production of austenite and the associated transformation of ferrite and cementite in eutectoid, hypoeutectoid, and hypereutectoid steels. It discusses the factors that influence the kinetics of the process, including carbon diffusion and the morphology of the original structure. It describes the nucleation and growth of austenite grains, the effect of grain size on mechanical properties, and the difference between coarse- and fine-grained steels. The chapter also discusses grain-refinement processes and some of the effects of overheating, including sulfide spheroidization, grain-boundary sulfide precipitation, and grain-boundary liquation.
Book Chapter
Austenitization of Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.phtpclas.t64560205
EISBN: 978-1-62708-353-9
... Abstract Austenitization is the heat treatment of steel in the austenite region, and it is conducted for two reasons. One is to obtain austenite as a necessary precursor for heat treatment, and this is the main emphasis of this chapter. The other is to chemically homogenize steel, so...
Abstract
Austenitization is the heat treatment of steel in the austenite region, and it is conducted for two reasons. One is to obtain austenite as a necessary precursor for heat treatment, and this is the main emphasis of this chapter. The other is to chemically homogenize steel, so that concentration gradients formed during solidification upon casting are minimized; this is briefly described in this chapter. Austenitization topics covered in this chapter are dendritic segregation in steels, austenitization to remove coring, ingot segregation, grain growth behavior, formation of austenite, austenite grain size, heating in the austenite region, and practical austenitizing temperatures.
Image
Austenitization curves for the steels (a) 42CrMo4 (AISI 4140) and (b) 100Cr...
Available to Purchase
in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.44 Austenitization curves for the steels (a) 42CrMo4 (AISI 4140) and (b) 100Cr6 (AISI 52100). Source: Ref 13 , 50
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The effect of austenitization temperature on the austenitic grain size for ...
Available to Purchase
in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.48 The effect of austenitization temperature on the austenitic grain size for the same holding time at temperature for a silicon-deoxidized steel. Source: Adapted from Ref 52
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Image
Schematic representation of the effect of austenitization time and temperat...
Available to Purchase
in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.49 Schematic representation of the effect of austenitization time and temperature on the austenitic grain size and the effect on the structure in a Fe-C steel, air-cooled. The scheme supposes that austenite is homogeneous in grain size and chemical composition.
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Image
Schematic representation of the effect of the austenitization temperature o...
Available to Purchase
in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.53 Schematic representation of the effect of the austenitization temperature on the austenitic grain size of aluminum killed steel (where AlN precipitates). Source: Adapted from Ref 52
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Image
Schematic representation of the austenitization of a hypo-eutectoid steel c...
Available to Purchase
in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.54 Schematic representation of the austenitization of a hypo-eutectoid steel containing a dispersion of fine precipitates (the particle sizes are exaggerated so they can be visualized). If the austenitization is performed above the temperature at which the precipitates dissolve
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Image
Schematic representation of the effect of austenitization time and temperat...
Available to PurchasePublished: 31 December 2020
Fig. 12 Schematic representation of the effect of austenitization time and temperature on the austenitic grain size and the effect on the structure in a Fe-C steel, air cooled. The scheme supposes that austenite is homogeneous in grain size and chemical composition. Source: Ref 14
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Image
Effect of alloy content and austenitization temperature on the midpoint (50...
Available to PurchasePublished: 31 December 2020
Fig. 11 Effect of alloy content and austenitization temperature on the midpoint (50% transformed) of the transformation of austenite in a low-alloy and a high-alloy iron. Source: Ref 12
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Image
Effect of austenitization temperature on the fracture toughness of two quen...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 November 2012
Fig. 8 Effect of austenitization temperature on the fracture toughness of two quenched and tempered steels. Source: Ref 1
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Image
Effect of partial austenitization on spheroidization of 1.4% C hypereutecto...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 1999
Fig. 7.5 (Part 1) Effect of partial austenitization on spheroidization of 1.4% C hypereutectoid steels. 1.35C-0.12Si-0.45Mn (wt%). The structure of the material in (a) to (f) as normalized is shown in Fig. 7.4 . (a) Normalized, heated at 750 °C for 1 h, cooled at 100 °C/h. 185 HV. Picral
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Image
Austenitization of a high-carbon steel. Original structure: ferrite and sph...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 1999
Fig. 8.1 Austenitization of a high-carbon steel. Original structure: ferrite and spheroidized cementite. The dark-etching areas were austenitic prior to quenching. The mid-tone areas are cementite. The lightest areas are ferrite. (a) Unheated. Picral. 1500×. (b) Heated at 745 °C for 5 s
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Image
Austenitization of 0.8% C eutectoid steels. Original structure: ferrite and...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 1999
Fig. 8.2 (Part 1) Austenitization of 0.8% C eutectoid steels. Original structure: ferrite and spheroidized cementite. 0.81 C-0.07Si-0.65Mn (wt%). The darkest-etching areas were austenitic prior to quenching. (a) Heated at 730 °C for 9 s, water quenched, tempered at 200 °C. 180 HV. 0 vol
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Image
Austenitization of 0.8% C eutectoid steels. Original structure: ferrite and...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 1999
Fig. 8.2 (Part 2) Austenitization of 0.8% C eutectoid steels. Original structure: ferrite and spheroidized cementite. 0.81 C-0.07 Si-0.65Mn (wt%). The darkest-etching areas were austenitic prior to quenching. (a) Heated at 730 °C for 9 s, water quenched, tempered at 200 °C. 180 HV. 0 vol
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Image
Austenitization of 0.8% C eutectoid steel isothermally transformed at 705 °...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 1999
Fig. 8.3 (Part 1) Austenitization of 0.8% C eutectoid steel isothermally transformed at 705 °C. Original structure: lamellar pearlite. 0.81C-0.07Si-0.65Mn (wt%). The darkest-etching areas were austenitic prior to quenching. (a) Heated at 730 °C for 20 s, water quenched, tempered at 200 °C
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Image
Austenitization of 0.8% C eutectoid steels (austenitized and water quenched...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 1999
Fig. 8.4 (Part 1) Austenitization of 0.8% C eutectoid steels (austenitized and water quenched). Original structure: martensite. 0.81C-0.07Si-0.65Mn (wt%). The lightest-etching areas were austenite prior to quenching. (a) As-hardened. The etching time for this specimen was considerably longer
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Image
Austenitization of 0.8% C eutectoid steels (austenitized and water quenched...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 1999
Fig. 8.4 (Part 3) Austenitization of 0.8% C eutectoid steels (austenitized and water quenched). Original structure: martensite. 0.81C-0.07Si-0.65Mn (wt%). The lightest-etching areas were austenite prior to quenching. (a) As-hardened. The etching time for this specimen was considerably longer
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Image
Austenitization of hypoeutectoid steels. Original structures: pearlite and ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 1999
Fig. 8.5 (Part 1) Austenitization of hypoeutectoid steels. Original structures: pearlite and proeutectoid ferrite. (a) to (d) 0.4% C, annealed. 0.39C-0.22Si-0.75Mn (wt%). (a) As-annealed. 215 HV. Picral. 500×. (b) Heated for 15 min at 740 °C, water quenched. Tempered at 200 °C. 440 HV
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Image
Austenitization of hypoeutectoid steels. Original structures: pearlite and ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 1999
Fig. 8.5 (Part 2) Austenitization of hypoeutectoid steels. Original structures: pearlite and proeutectoid ferrite. (a) to (d) 0.4% C, annealed. 0.39C-0.22Si-0.75Mn (wt%). (a) As-annealed. 215 HV. Picral. 500×. (b) Heated for 15 min at 740 °C, water quenched. Tempered at 200 °C. 440 HV
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