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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... Abstract This chapter describes some of the most effective tools for investigating boiler tube failures, including scanning electron microscopy, optical emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.imub.t53720139
EISBN: 978-1-62708-305-8
... the plasma are then input to a mass spectrometer that determines which elements are present in the plasma. The increased sensitivity of the mass spectrometer provides for lower detection limits, typically in the range of parts per billion. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) Atomic absorption...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110434
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... strongly on the atomic number of the matrix. For a high Z matrix, the range will be shorter, and a large fraction of backscattered electrons may create additional x-rays as the electrons pass back through the sample a second time on their way out. Absorption Correction Absorption correction x-rays...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780343
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
... have absorption frequencies and corresponding wavelengths in the 1 to 50 μm IR region. The vibrational energy of a group of atoms is associated with a given frequency, which, in most cases, is independent of polymer chain length. Some of the absorption frequencies are almost the same as those...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cub.t66910475
EISBN: 978-1-62708-250-1
... with an eyedropper. Bulk Material Analysis Various analytical techniques can be used to determine elemental concentrations and to identify compounds in alloys, bulky deposits, and samples of environmental fluids, lubricants, and suspensions. Techniques such as emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780146
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
... Abstract This article discusses the chemical susceptibility of a polymeric material. The discussion covers significant absorption and transportation of an environmental reagent by the polymer; the chemical susceptibility of additives; and thermal degradation, thermal oxidative degradation...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780383
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
... of their size, they are not compatible with scanning transmission electron microscopes. The energy-dispersive detector can be limited in detection of light elements, depending on the detector. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy is usually limited to elements with atomic numbers ( Z ) higher than beryllium; some...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110447
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... six methods used in semiconductor industry are: Auger spectroscopy, dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy, time of flight static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and transmission...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.9781627082532
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270019
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
... elements and organic functional groups; accessible range, 0.001 to 50%; accuracy, 2 to 5% Atomic absorption spectrometry: Applicable to practically all elements; accessible range, 0.001 to 10%; accuracy, 2 to 5% Emission spectroscopy: Applicable to all elements; accessible range, 0.005 to 10...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fahtsc.t51130111
EISBN: 978-1-62708-284-6
... to determine elemental concentrations and to identify compounds in alloys, bulky deposits, and samples of environmental fluids, lubricants, and suspensions. Semiquantitative emission spectrography, spectrophotometry, and atomic-absorption spectroscopy can be used to determine dissolved metals (as in analysis...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... they are sufficiently segregated to yield a detectable gross effect. Laminations normally are not detectable by radiography because of their unfavorable orientation, usually parallel to the surface. Laminations seldom yield differences in absorption that enable laminated areas to be distinguished from lamination-free...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmcs.t66560427
EISBN: 978-1-62708-291-4
... term that, without other modifying terminology, is insufficiently specific to be defined precisely. Its use should therefore be avoided. See also apparent area of contact, nominal area, and real area ofcontact. atomic percent. The number of atoms of an element in a total of 100 representative atoms...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060429
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
...-element bearings. Typically, bearings Auger electron spectroscopy. A technique for have been manufactured from both high- chemical analysis of surface layers that iden- carbon (1.00%) and low-carbon (0.20%) steels. tifies the atoms present in a layer by measur- ing the characteristic energies...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.horfi.t51180151
EISBN: 978-1-62708-256-3
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mgppis.t60400245
EISBN: 978-1-62708-258-7
... a glazed appearance. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). A technique for chemical analysis of surface layers that identi es the atoms present in a layer by measuring the characteristic energies of their Auger electrons. ausforming. Hot deformation of metastable austenite within controlled ranges...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hpcspa.t54460121
EISBN: 978-1-62708-285-3
...-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, Auger electron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, oxygen analysis, and nanoindentation. cold-sprayed coatings residual-stress analysis hardness bond adhesion strength microscopy spectroscopy diffraction MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdub.t53420239
EISBN: 978-1-62708-310-2
... as a result of the absorption of the constituents of air. Usually, the effects are much smaller and are confined to the selective oxidation of one or more of the components of the alloy, thereby altering its composition. Protection from gaseous contamination may sometimes be achieved by the use of flux covers...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.9781627082617
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.t55030209
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
... aqueous environment. The presence of hydrogen cyanide seems to aggravate the corrosion problem by promoting entry of atomic hydrogen into the metal. The ability of filming inhibitors to prevent this entry is limited. In some instances, the cyanide ion is removed from the system through a reaction...