This chapter discusses the basic principles of alloying and their practical application in the production of titanium mill products and engineered parts. It begins with a review of the atomic and crystal structure of titanium and the conditions for interstitial and substitutional alloying. It then describes the different classes of alloying elements, their effect on mechanical properties and behaviors, and their influence on phase transitions and transformations. The chapter also discusses the role of intermetallic compounds and their effect on crystal structure and creep behavior.

This chapter describes the most effective ways to improve the corrosion resistance of sintered stainless steels, including increasing alloy content, optimizing the sintering process, and the use of surface treatments and modifications.

This chapter discusses the composition, properties, and uses of the most common beryllium alloys and composites. It provides information on beryllium-aluminum, beryllium-copper, and beryllium-titanium as well as beryllium-antimony and beryllium-iron systems.

This article discusses the general purpose of alloying and identifies some of the material properties and behaviors that can be improved by adding various elements to the base metal. It explains how alloying can make metals stronger and more resistant to corrosion and wear as well as easier to cast, weld, form, and machine. It also discusses some of the alloying techniques that have been developed to address problems stemming from dissimilarities between the base metal and alloying or inoculate material.