Fig. 14 Range of acidity and alkalinity More

Fig. 24 Effect of lower pH (greater acidity) on the corrosion rate of an active metal More

Fig. 10.10 Influence of acidity on the cracking behavior and velocity of Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V in chloride solution at 24 °C (75 °F). Source: Ref 10.16 More

Fig. 10.15 Influence of potential and acidity on region II cracking velocity for titanium alloys in aqueous halide solutions. Source: Ref 10.4 , 10.22 More

Fig. 10.18 Effect of water content and acidity on the SCC susceptibility of unalloyed titanium at 25 °C (77 °F). Source: Ref 10.33 , 10.34 More

Fig. 17 Isocorrosion curves in organic acids: (a) acetic acid; (b) formic acid. Source: Ref 8 . Courtesy of Outokumpu Stainless More

Fig. 16 Variation in organic acid ring structures in naphthenic acids derived from crude oils compared to reagent-grade naphthenic acid. B.P., boiling point. Source: Ref 35 More

Fig. 15 Corrosion of iron in hydrochloric acid More

Fig. 5 (a) Pitting of a carbon steel pipe exposed to a strong mineral acid. (b) Close-up view shows the narrow pit mouths and the pronounced undercutting. Source: Nalco Chemical Company More

Fig. 34 Erosion-corrosion of lead as a function of sulfuric acid concentration. Velocity, 12 m/s (39 ft/s); temperature, 95 °C (203 °F) More

Fig. 10.22 Effect of acid and nitrate additions on the K ISCC values of STA Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo in methanol at 25 °C (77 °F). Source: Ref 10.44 More

Fig. 6.118 Acid dew-point corrosion on external surface of an evaporator tube More

Fig. 13.1 Corrosion rate of chromium-iron alloys in dilute nitric and sulfuric acids. Source: Ref 13.2 More

Fig. 15.4 Corrosion of iron and zinc electrodes in an acidic solution (pH < 7). Corrosion cells occurs over the entire surface of each metal, resulting in the liberation of hydrogen gas from both metals. Compare with Fig. 15.5 . More

Fig. 4 Effect of acid concentration on the corrosion rate of iron completely immersed in aqueous solutions of three inorganic acids at room temperature. It should be noted that the scales for corrosion rate are not the same for all three charts. As discussed in text, the corrosion rate of iron More

Fig. 16 Corrosion rate of steel as a function of hydrochloric acid concentration More

Fig. 17 Corrosion rate of steel as a function of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) concentration More

Fig. 18 Corrosion of steel by sulfuric acid as a function of concentration and temperature More

Fig. 21 Comparative behavior of several nickel-base alloys in pure sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ). The isocorrosion lines indicate a corrosion rate of 0.5 mm/year (20 mils/year). More

Figure 6 Corner copper bond wires which fall off during acid decapsulation likely contain slip plane fractures like those seen here on a unit that was decapsulated using Microwave plasma. [7] More