This chapter outlines the step-by-step processes by which materials are selected in order to prevent or control corrosion and includes information on materials that are resistant to the various forms of corrosion. The various forms of corrosion covered are general (uniform) corrosion, localized corrosion, galvanic corrosion, intergranular corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking, hydrogen damage, and erosion-corrosion. In addition, the economic importance of cost-effective materials selection is also considered.

This chapter explains the definition of carbon steels and lists the Unified Numbering System designations and the compositions that are universally accepted by steel producers and fabricators. Compositions of higher hardenability carbon steels (higher manganese grades and/or boron treated steels) are also discussed, as well as those of free-machining carbon steels. Detailed heat treating procedures are presented for a representative group of carbon steels. The processes involved in tempering and austempering of carbon steels are also discussed.

This chapter describes the designations of carbon and low-alloy steels and their general characteristics in terms of their response to hardening and mechanical properties. The steels covered are low-carbon steels, higher manganese carbon steels, boron-treated carbon steels, H-steels, free-machining carbon steels, low-alloy manganese steels, low-alloy molybdenum steels, low-alloy chromium-molybdenum steels, low-alloy nickel-chromium-molybdenum steels, low-alloy nickel-molybdenum steels, low-alloy chromium steels, and low-alloy silicon-manganese steels. The chapter provides information on residual elements, microalloying, grain refinement, mechanical properties, and grain size of these steels. In addition, the effects of free-machining additives are also discussed.

This appendix provides tables listing alloy compositions and standard designations and common unit and hardness conversion factors.

This chapter describes the classification of steels and the various compositional categories of commercial steel products. It explains how different alloying elements affect the properties of carbon and low-alloys steels and discusses strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance and how to improve them.