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Published: 01 January 2015
Book Chapter
Role of Powder Metallurgy Industries in Various Sectors―Part 1
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400315
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... THE HISTORY, PROCEDURES, benefits, drawbacks, and applications of powder metallurgy (PM) as well as the processes for producing metal powder are all reviewed in this chapter. Additionally, the roles and purposes of PM in the nuclear, automotive, biomedical (including surgical implants), flying car...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the effect of powder metallurgy on the design and production of nuclear energy reactors, wind turbines, biomedical devices, and gas turbine engines.
Book Chapter
Selected Sources of Information: Corrosion Properties of Materials and Corrosion Testing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fec.t65940451
EISBN: 978-1-62708-302-7
... Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing of Plating Processes and Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals • F 746, Test Method for Pitting or Crevice Corrosion of Metallic Surgical Implant • F 897, Test Method for Measuring Fretting Corrosion of Osteosynthesis Plates and Screws • F 945, Test Method for Stress...
Abstract
This appendix is a comprehensive collection of selected sources related to corrosion properties of materials and corrosion testing.
Book Chapter
Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170540
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... for a suitable investment-cast dental material. This biocompatible material, which has the tradename Vitallium, is in use today for surgical implants. In the 1940s, this same alloy also underwent investment casting trials for World War II aircraft turbocharger blades, and, with modifications to enhance...
Abstract
This article discusses the properties, behaviors, and uses of cobalt and its alloys. It explains how cobalt alloys are categorized and describes the commercial designations and grades that are available. It also provides composition information and explains how alloying elements and carbides affect toughness, hardness, ductility, and strength as well as resistance to heat, corrosion, and wear.
Book Chapter
Applications of Titanium
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480353
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
Abstract
This chapter describes the applications with the greatest impact on titanium consumption and global market trends. It explains where, how, and why titanium alloys are used in aerospace, automotive, chemical processing, medical, and military applications as well as power generating equipment, sporting goods, oil and gas production, and marine vessels.
Book Chapter
Stainless Steel
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.t59250093
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
... cutlery and tableware. By 1923, this expanded to surgical and dental instruments and then to containers for nitric acid. New uses found throughout the decade included milk-handling equipment, surgical implants, cookware, golf clubs, trim for autos, and the spectacular curtain wall for the upper seven...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the development of stainless steel. It begins with some information on the discovery of stainless steel. This is followed by a discussion on the most important patents issued for stainless steel. Applications of stainless steel beyond their original use in cutlery and tableware are then presented. Information on the development of alloys for specific applications and on the argon oxygen decarburization process is also provided. The chapter ends with a discussion on the major use for stainless steel after WWII.
Book Chapter
Titanium Alloy Datasheets Introduction
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120143
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... Brinell hardness HE Hot extruded Heat Heat HF Hot finished HIP Hot isostatic pressing HR Hot rolled HT Heat treated HW Hot worked/wrought Imp Implant Inv Investment Liq Liquid Mach Machined Mart Martensitic Met Metal Mult Multiple NHT Not heat...
Abstract
This appendix describes the information contained in titanium alloy datasheets and defines the many abbreviations that are used.
Book Chapter
Summary Table of Titanium Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120139
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... prostheses. IMI 367 has excellent biocompatibility for surgical implants. Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Mo-2Cr-0.25Si, UNS: none, Ti-6-22-22-S Development work on this alloy has been revived, and a strong effort is underway to develop processing procedures to optimize strength and fracture resistance of Ti-6-22-22-S...
Abstract
This appendix contains several tables listing UNS numbers, common names, and descriptions of important titanium alloys and where they are typically used.
Book Chapter
Additive Manufacturing in the Automotive, Medical, and Construction Industries
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400289
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... and surgical scenarios. A preoperative model of a skull and heart, craniomaxillofacial implants, dental drilling guides, reduction forceps, nasal and throat swabs, personalized and mobilizing external support, a scaffold for zygomatic bone replacement, and resorbable orbital implants are just a few examples...
Abstract
This chapter assesses the state of 3D printing among automakers, medical device manufacturers, and construction companies.
Book Chapter
Introduction
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bpapp.t59290001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-319-5
... engine pumps, dental instruments, surgical tools, nuclear fuel rods, transmission gears and engine timing components, medical implants, injection molding inserts with conformal cooling channels, and automotive turbochargers. Figure 1.2 provides pictures of some examples. Fig. 1.2 Several...
Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to powder processing of binders and polymers. It sets the context for the remainder of the book by providing an overview of the topics discussed in the subsequent chapters and by providing introduction to powder-binder fabrication and customization of feedstock and describing the challenges in component production. The chapter also summarizes alphabetically a few key concepts in powder-binder processing.
Book Chapter
The Naming and Numbering of Stainless Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790241
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
... to the identical steel names used by DIN. The former type 11 stainless steel is now designated by ISO as X5CrNi 18-10. An exception to this rule is that stainless steels for surgical implants are designated by letters of the alphabet, because these alloys are not included in the DIN system. In 1980...
Abstract
This chapter presents the early classes of stainless steel. These include martensitic alloys, austenitic alloys, and ferritic alloys. It also presents stainless steel trade names. The chapter describes standardized designation for type 304 stainless steel by various specification organizations.
Book Chapter
Biotribology
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300363
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... Abstract The chapter covers various aspects of biotribology in the context of dental care, orthopedic implants, haptics, eyewear, and stents and fixation devices. It also addresses the issue of biocompatibility and the effects of friction and contact pressure on skin. bioapplications...
Abstract
The chapter covers various aspects of biotribology in the context of dental care, orthopedic implants, haptics, eyewear, and stents and fixation devices. It also addresses the issue of biocompatibility and the effects of friction and contact pressure on skin.
Book Chapter
Common Causes of Failures
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270005
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
... cases are reported here. Example: Microweld Defect: Failure of a Hip Prosthesis A hip prosthesis, made of a Co-Cr-Mo-C alloy, was implanted in a patient fractured by fatigue in the stem portion ( Fig. 2.9 ). After surgical removal of the prosthesis and failure analysis, it was found that a crack...
Abstract
This chapter identifies the primary causes of service failures and discusses the types of defects from which they stem. It presents more than a dozen examples of failures attributed to such causes as design defects, material defects, and manufacturing or processing defects as well as assembly errors, abnormal operating conditions, and inadequate maintenance. It also describes the precise usage of terms such as defect, flaw, imperfection, and discontinuity.
Book Chapter
Selected References for Additional Reading
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120345
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... of Titanium Alloys , Stress-Corrosion Cracking: Materials Performance and Evaluation , Jones R.H. , Ed., ASM International , 1992 • Solar R.J. , Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Surgical Implant Alloys: A Review , Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials , STP 684 , ASTM...
Abstract
This appendix provides references for additional information on titanium and its alloys. The references are organized by topic based on the author’s recommendations. Topics include physical metallurgy, corrosion, processing, applications and developments, and general background.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Selection of Titanium Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120005
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... Pacemakers Dental implants Attachment wire Surgical instruments Wheelchairs Architectural Roofing Window frames Eaves and gables Railings Ventilators Sports Golf clubs Bicycle frames, gears, etc. Lacrosse sticks Racing wheelchairs Horseshoes...
Abstract
Titanium is a lightweight metal with a density approximately 60% that of steel and, through alloying and deformation processing, it can be just as strong. It is readily available in many grades and forms and can be further processed using standard methods and techniques. This chapter provides a concise review of the capabilities of titanium and its design advantages over other materials. It includes information on properties and selection factors as well as applications.
Book Chapter
Introduction and Overview of Electrochemical Corrosion
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fec.t65940001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-302-7
... combustion gases Corrosion of metallic surgical implant materials used in orthopedic, cardiovascular, and dental devices resulting in the release of metal ions to tissues, and degradation of the physical properties of polymeric implant materials due to interactions with tissue fluids and/or blood...
Abstract
This chapter familiarizes readers with the basic concepts of corrosion, discussing chemical reactions, ion transfer mechanisms, electrochemical processes and variables, and the formation of solid corrosion products. It presents a simple but effective teaching tool, the elementary electrochemical corrosion circuit, using it to explain how electric potential differences drive the corrosion process and how corrosion rates vary in proportion to current density. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the importance of corrosion products, such as oxides and hydroxides, and how their formation can be a major factor in controlling corrosion.
Book Chapter
Additive Manufacturing—History, Recent Developments, and Advancement
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400207
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... surgeons’ know-how toward patient anatomy. The 3D-printed multicolor prototypes can improve implant performance by visibly emphasizing anatomical details. Moreover, patient-specific implantable devices and synthetic tissues have reduced surgical complications, postoperative procedures, and operation costs...
Abstract
This chapter gives a brief review of the development of additive manufacturing (AM) and the appeal of different of different AM methods.
Book Chapter
Nonferrous Metals—A Variety of Possibilities
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060315
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
... with a moderately low carbon content was developed to satisfy the need for a suitable investment cast dental material. This biocompatible material, which has the trade name Vitallium, is in use today for surgical implants. In the 1940s, this same alloy also underwent investment casting trials for World War II...
Abstract
Nonferrous metals are of commercial interest both as engineering materials and as alloying agents. This chapter addresses both roles, discussing the properties, processing characteristics, and applications of several categories of nonferrous metals, including light metals, corrosion-resistance alloys, superalloys, refractory metals, low-melting-point metals, reactive metals, precious metals, rare earth metals, and metalloids or semimetals. It also provides a brief summary on special-purpose materials, including uranium, vanadium, magnetic alloys, and thermocouple materials.
Book Chapter
FIB Overview
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... volume, and signal yield achievable by FIB instruments. For comparison, Figure 1 shows simulated models of beam interactions and sputter yield values on silicon for a variety of ion species. Figure 1 Modeled sputter yield (y) and implant depth of Cs + , Xe + , Ga + , Ar + , Ne + , and He...
Abstract
With the commercialization of heavier and lighter ion beams, adoption of focused ion beam (FIB) use for analysis of challenging regions of interest (ROI) has grown. In this chapter, the authors focus on highlighting commercially available and complementary FIB technologies and their implementation challenges and application trends.
Book Chapter
Forms of Mechanically Assisted Degradation
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.t55030117
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
..., surgical implants, rolling-contact bearings, and bridge bearings. Factors Affecting the Severity of Fretting Corrosion The following factors are known to influence the severity of fretting. If fretting conditions exist, fretting cannot be eliminated completely but can be reduced in severity...
Abstract
This chapter discusses five forms of mechanically assisted degradation of metals: erosion, fretting, fretting fatigue, cavitation and water drop impingement, and corrosion fatigue. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms and the factors affecting these forms of degradation.
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