Fig. 3.5 Schematic comparison of strain hardening (a) and strain softening (b) phenomena More

Fig. 3.6 Schematic of cyclic softening by stress-controlled cyclic loading More

Fig. 17.8 Retardation of softening and secondary hardening during tempering of steels with varying molybdenum content. Source: Ref 17.6 More

Fig. 17.9 Effect of alloying elements on the retardation of softening during tempering at 260 °C (500 °F) relative to Fe-C alloys. Source: Ref 17.5 More

Fig. 17.10 Effect of alloying elements on the retardation of softening during tempering at 540 °C (1000 °F) relative to Fe-C alloys. Source: Ref 17.5 More

Fig. 16 Cyclic hardening and cyclic softening. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 38 Stress-strain response under (a) cyclic softening or (b) cyclic hardening conditions. Source: Ref 19 More

Fig. 3.7 Manifestation of strain softening as a local drop on the stress profile in the simulation of particle impact using a quasi-two-dimensional model and the Eulerian formulation in ABAQUS/Explicit. The path of the stress profiles (b) is shown on the snapshot (a). The calculations assume More

Fig. 24-15 Effect of tempering temperature and time on the softening characteristics of steel More

Fig. 2.3 Patterns of hardening and softening for metals depending on their initial hardness More

Fig. 2.6 Cyclic hardening and softening of oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) copper under strain control depends on its initial hardness ( Ref 2.3 ). (a) Fully annealed showing cyclic hardening. (b) Partially annealed showing a small degree of hardening. (c) Extremely cold worked showing More

Fig. 2.26 Strain-range ratcheting under force cycling of cyclically strain softening 4340 steel More

Fig. 2.27 Permanent stretch under force cycling of cyclically strain softening 4340 steel More

Fig. 2.28 Strain behavior during force cycling of cyclically strain softening 4340 steel, Δ S = 2500 MPa (364 ksi) More

Fig. 2A2.1 Cyclic strain hardening/softening behavior of two steels. (a) AM 350 alloy. (b) 52100 bearing steel ( Ref 2.4 ) More

Fig. 11.83 Effect of intermittent heating on fatigue life of cyclic strain softening steel subjected to load cycling conditions. Source: Ref 11.94 More

Fig. 12.5 Softening patterns for various polymers tested under strain control at room temperature. (a) Polycarbonate ( Ref 12.2 ). (b) Nylon ( Ref 12.2 ). (c) Polypropylene ( Ref 12.3 ). (d) ABS plastic ( Ref 12.3 ) More

Fig. 23 Thermomechanical analysis, Vicat softening temperatures, under 10.3 MPa (1.5 ksi). Source: Ref 24 More

Fig. 21.3 Resistance of hot work die steels to softening during elevated-temperature exposure as measured by room-temperature hardness. Courtesy of Universal Cyclops Steel Corp. More

Fig. 14.11 Cyclic hardening and cyclic softening More