Fig. 1.3 Weld bead geometry showing fusion zone, heat-affected zone, and base metal. Source: Ref 1.3 More

Fig. 1.5 Weld microstructures showing the fusion zone, heat-affected zone, and base metal for (a) single-pass bead-on-plate weld in A-710 steel and (b) multipass weld in 304 stainless steel. Source: Ref 1.3 More

Fig. 18 Comparison of J c values for heat-affected zone (HAZ), weld fusion zone (W), and base metal (BM). Values of kJ/da , in MPa, are provided beyond each bar. Cracks are oriented parallel to the welding direction. SA, submerged arc; GTA, gas-tungsten arc; SMA, shielded-metal arc; GMA More

Fig. 11.24 (Part 2) (d) Heat-affected zone in weld metal. 150 HV. Picral. 250×. (e) Heat-affected zone in weld metal. 150 HV. Picral. 1000×. (f) Weld interface. Picral. 250×. (g) Heat-affected zone in parent metal, adjacent to weld interface. 160 HV. Picral. 1000×. More

Fig. 9.1 Hot crack in heat-affected zone of U-700 nickel-base superalloy after fusion melting More

Fig. 11.28 (Part 2) (c) Parent metal immediately adjacent to heat-affected zone. 230 HV. Picral. 500× (d) Heat-affected zone. 650 HV. Picral. 500×. (e) Weld metal. 710 HV. Picral. 500×. (f) Weld metal. 710 HV. 2% nital. 1000×. More

Fig. 9.82 Cross section through the brittle fracture region of the heat-affected zone of a weld in a structural steel with 490 MPa (71 ksi) strength. Fracture close to the fusion line in an electrogas (high heat-input) weld. The large austenitic grain size and the layer of pro-eutectoid More

Fig. 14.41 (a) Higher magnification of fusion line and heat-affected zone of SAW-NG weld of 20MnMoNi55 ( Fig. 14.39 ). From the top left to the right, three welding beads can be observed. It is possible to observe the columnar region in each of the beads as well as the refined microstructure More

Fig. 16.17 Example of a hot crack in the heat-affected zone of a dissimilar metals weld (an engineering steel— Chapter 15, “Engineered Special Bar Quality Steel (Engineered Steels),” in this book—and a stainless steel). The crack propagates through the last region to solidify. The crack More

Fig. 6.124 SEM micrographs. (a) OD edge with a deep crack at heat-affected zone, 50×. (b) Intergranular cracking network on brittle fracture surface, 250× More

Fig. 6.173 Microhardness profile across the weld region; HAZ, heat-affected zone; PM, parent metal More

Fig. 20 Heat-affected zone microfissure in a cast stainless steel. Note extensive region of partial melting. Source: Ref 15 More

Fig. 16.10 Intergranular cracking in the heat-affected zone of a weld joint for Type 304 pipe that was contaminated with zinc-rich paint when welding was performed. Source: Ref 50 More

Fig. 2.44 Friction stir fusion weld. A = parent metal (PM); B = heat-affected zone (HAZ); C = unrecrystallized area; D = recrystallized nugget; C + D = thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ). Courtesy of The Welding Institute More

Fig. 8.25 The tempered martensitic microstructure in the heat-affected zone of a welded ASME SA 213 T-23 steel showing (a) prior austenite grain boundaries and (b) the grain boundaries decorated with carbides. Vilella’s reagent. 400× and 1500×, respectively More

Fig. 4.10 Macrograph of a fractured weld showing through the heat-affected zone (HAZ). 3% nital etch. 5× More

Fig. 6.20 Friction stir fusion weld. A, parent metal; B, heat-affected zone (HAZ); C, unrecrystallized area; D, recrystallized nugget; C + D, thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ). Courtesy of The Welding Institute More

Fig. 1 Relationship between heat-affected zone (HAZ) volume fraction of martensite and the P cm carbon equivalents of thermally cycled specimens. Four thermal programs are included: (1) peak temperature ( T p ) = 1350 °C (2460 °F), cooling time from 800 to 500 °C (Δ t 8/5 ) = 3 s; (2) T More

Fig. 2 Regions of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). (a) The HAZ regions in a single-bevel multipass weld. SCHAZ, subcritical HAZ; ICHAZ, intercritical HAZ; FGHAZ, fine-grained HAZ; GCHAZ, grain-coarsened HAZ; SRGCHAZ, subcritically reheated grain-coarsened HAZ; IRGCHAZ, intercritically reheated More

Fig. 17 Variation of hardness profiles in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of thermomechanically controlled processed (TMCP) steel welded with various heat inputs. Chemical composition of steel: C, 0.06%; Si, 0.14%; Mn, 1.33%; P, 0.010%; S, 0.001%; Cu, 0.31%; Ni, 0.31 %; Cr, 0.05%; Nb, 0.015 More