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Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 4.6 Standard Gibbs free energy of formation for several carbides as a function of (a) temperature and (b) solubility in nickel at 1250 °C (2280 °F). Source: Ref 21 More
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 16.9 (a) Gibbs free-energy composition diagram and (b) locus of solvus curves of metastable and stable equilibrium phases in a precipitation sequence. (a) The points of common tangency show the relationship between compositions of the matrix phase (C″, C′, and C eq ) and the various forms More
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 2.12 Gibbs free-energy curves during solidification. Source: Ref 2.2 More
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.1 Gibbs free energy for different atomic configurations in a system. Configuration A has the lowest free energy and therefore is the arrangement of stable equilibrium. Configuration B is in a state of metastable equilibrium. Adapted from Ref 3.1 More
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Published: 01 March 2012
Fig. 3.3 Variation of Gibbs free energy with temperature. Adapted from Ref 3.1 More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 1 Standard Gibbs free energy of formation of some metal oxides as a function of temperature. Source: Ref 4 More
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Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 4.3 Gibbs free-energy curves during solidification More
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Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 6.14 Gibbs free energy curves and construction of binary phase diagram. Source: Ref 6 More
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Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 6.15 Gibbs free energy curves and construction of eutectic phase diagram. Source: Ref 6 More
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Published: 01 December 1996
Fig. 9-10 Schematic illustration of (a) the Gibbs free energy of austenite (γ) and pearlite as a function of temperature for a 0.8% C plain carbon eutectoid steel, and of (b) the difference in the free energy of these two constituents More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdub.t53420041
EISBN: 978-1-62708-310-2
... Abstract This chapter explains how the principles of chemical thermodynamics are used in the construction and interpretation of phase diagrams. After a brief review of the laws of thermodynamics, it describes the concept of Gibbs free energy and its application to transformations that occur...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fec.t65940023
EISBN: 978-1-62708-302-7
... Abstract This chapter provides a thorough introduction to the electrochemical thermodynamics that govern electrode reactions associated with corrosion. It begins with a review of the thermodynamic criteria for the stability of chemical reactions based on Gibbs free energy and explains how...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060013
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
... of equilibrium phase diagrams, the role of enthalpy and Gibb’s free energy in chemical reactions, and a method for determining phase compositions along the solidus and liquidus lines. atomic diffusion body-centered cubic systems crystal defects equilibrium phase diagram face-centered cubic systems...
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Published: 01 April 2004
Fig. 3.2 Simplified Ellingham diagram showing the free-energy change for oxidation of several metals. Oxide stability is reduced by elevated temperature and decreased oxygen partial pressure. Each dashed line corresponds to the Gibbs free-energy change as a function of temperature, relating More
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Published: 01 August 2005
Fig. 3.2 Simplified Ellingham diagram showing the free-energy change for oxidation of several metals. Oxide stability is reduced by elevated temperature and decreased oxygen partial pressure. Each dashed line corresponds to the Gibbs free-energy change as a function of temperature, relating More
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Published: 01 August 2005
Fig. 1.7 Relationship between the stability of metal oxides (in terms of the Gibbs free energy of formation) and the ratio of the process temperature ( T ) to the melting point of the metal ( T m ) More
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Published: 01 April 2004
Fig. 3.4 Simplified Ellingham diagram illustrating the graphical method for determining the temperature and H 2 O/H 2 ratio that will spontaneously reduce a metal oxide to metal (here, Cr 2 O 3 to Cr). The set of dashed lines corresponds to the Gibbs free-energy change as a function More
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Published: 01 August 2005
Fig. 3.5 Simplified Ellingham diagram illustrating the graphical method for determining the temperature and H 2 O/H 2 ratio that will spontaneously reduce a metal oxide to metal (here, Cr 2 O 3 to Cr). The set of dashed lines corresponds to the Gibbs free energy change as a function More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240053
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... (K), and S is entropy, a measure of the randomness of the system. Solving for F , the Helmholtz free energy, can be expressed as: (Eq 4.2) F = E − T S A related free energy is the Gibbs free energy, which is defined as: (Eq 4.3) G = H − T S where H is enthalpy...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 January 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdktmse.t56100001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-470-3
... (multicomponent) systems. The CALPHAD method has enabled the calculation of phase diagrams for cases where limited or incomplete experimental data exist ( Ref 7 , 9 ). The method uses a basic metallurgical thermodynamic concept called the Gibbs free energy. Equation 7 presents the Gibbs free energy of a phase...